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单词 discharge
释义

discharge

English

Etymology

From Middle English dischargen, from Old French deschargier (“to unload”), from Late Latin discarricāre (“unload”). By surface analysis, dis- +‎ charge.

Pronunciation

  • (Received Pronunciation)
    • (verb) IPA(key): /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/
      • Audio (UK)(file)
    • (noun) IPA(key): /ˈdɪstʃɑːdʒ/
      • Audio (UK)(file)
  • (US)
    • (verb) enPR: dĭschärj', IPA(key): /dɪsˈtʃɑɹdʒ/
    • (noun) enPR: dĭs'chärj, IPA(key): /ˈdɪstʃɑɹdʒ/
      • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)dʒ, -ɪstʃɑː(ɹ)dʒ

Verb

discharge (third-person singular simple present discharges, present participle discharging, simple past and past participle discharged)

  1. To accomplish or complete, as an obligation.
    • 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene i]:
      O most dear mistress, / The sun will set before I shall discharge / What I must strive to do.
  2. To free of a debt, claim, obligation, responsibility, accusation, etc.; to absolve; to acquit; to forgive; to clear.
    • a. 1701 (date written)​, John Dryden, “The Second Epode of Horace”, in The Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden, […], volume II, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1760, OCLC 863244003, page 477:
      How happy is his low degree, / How rich in humble poverty, is he, / Who leads a quiet country life; / Diſcharg'd of buſineſs, void of ſtrife, / And from the griping ſcrivener free?
    • 1692, Roger L’Estrange, “ (please specify the fable number.) (please specify the name of the fable.)”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], OCLC 228727523:
      For if One Man's Faults could Discharge Another Man of his Duty,there would be no longer any Place left for the Common Offices of Society.
  3. To send away (a creditor) satisfied by payment; to pay one's debt or obligation to.
    • c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene ii]:
      If he had / The present money to discharge the Jew.
  4. To set aside; to annul; to dismiss.
    • 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter 12, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, OCLC 1069526323:
      The order for Daly's attendance was discharged.
  5. To expel or let go.
    • January 1, 1878, Herbert Spencer, Ceremonial Government, published in The Fortnightly Review No. 132
      Feeling in other cases discharges itself in indirect muscular actions.
  6. To let fly, as a missile; to shoot.
    • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene i]:
      They do discharge their shot of courtesy.
    • 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], OCLC 928184292:
      Mrs Partridge, upon this, immediately fell into a fury, and discharged the trencher on which she was eating, at the head of poor Jenny […]
  7. (electricity) To release (an accumulated charge).
  8. To relieve of an office or employment; to send away from service; to dismiss.
    Synonyms: fire, let go, terminate; see also Thesaurus:lay off
    • c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene v]:
      Discharge the common sort / With pay and thanks.
    • 1641 May, John Milton, Of Reformation Touching Church-Discipline in England: And the Cavvses that hitherto have Hindred it; republished as Will Taliaferro Hale, editor, Of Reformation Touching Church-Discipline in England (Yale Studies in English; LIV), New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1916, OCLC 260112239:
      Grindal […] was discharged the government of his see.
    1. (medicine) To release (an inpatient) from hospital.
    2. (military) To release (a member of the armed forces) from service.
  9. To release legally from confinement; to set at liberty.
    to discharge a prisoner
  10. To operate (any weapon that fires a projectile, such as a shotgun or sling).
    • 1603, Richard Knolles, The Generall Historie of the Turkes, […], London: […] Adam Islip, OCLC 837543169:
      discharge his pieces
    • 1918 September–November, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “The Land That Time Forgot”, in The Blue Book Magazine, Chicago, Ill.: Story-press Corp., OCLC 18478577; republished as chapter IV, in Hugo Gernsback, editor, Amazing Stories, volume 1, New York, N.Y.: Experimenter Publishing, 1927, OCLC 988016180:
      I ran forward, discharging my pistol into the creature's body in an effort to force it to relinquish its prey; but I might as profitably have shot at the sun.
  11. (logic) To release (an auxiliary assumption) from the list of assumptions used in arguments, and return to the main argument.
  12. To unload a ship or another means of transport.
  13. To put forth, or remove, as a charge or burden; to take out, as that with which anything is loaded or filled.
    to discharge a cargo
  14. To give forth; to emit or send out.
    A pipe discharges water.
  15. To let fly; to give expression to; to utter.
    He discharged a horrible oath.
  16. (transitive, textiles) To bleach out or to remove or efface, as by a chemical process.
    to discharge the colour from a dyed fabric in order to form light figures on a dark background
  17. (obsolete, Scotland) To prohibit; to forbid.
    • 1822, [Walter Scott], Peveril of the Peak. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., OCLC 2392685:
      That Richard Stevenson, Robert Calcott, and Richard Tyldesley, be discharged from farther restraint, giving good security to appear at this Board whensoever summoned, and not depart this city until full satisfaction be given

Translations

Noun

discharge (countable and uncountable, plural discharges)

  1. (medicine, uncountable) Pus or exudate (other than blood) from a wound or orifice, usually due to infection or pathology.
  2. The act of accomplishing (an obligation) or repaying a debt etc.; performance.
    • 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene i]:
      Whereof what's past is prologue, what to come / In yours and my discharge.
    • 1890, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, page 137:
      She [the Queen] was assisted in the discharge of her solemn functions by fourteen sacred women, one for each of the altars of Dionysus.
  3. The act of expelling or letting go.
  4. The act of firing a projectile, especially from a firearm.
    Synonym: firing
  5. The process of unloading something.
  6. The process of flowing out.
  7. (electricity) The act of releasing an accumulated charge.
  8. (medicine) The act of releasing an inpatient from hospital.
  9. (military) The act of releasing a member of the armed forces from service.
  10. (hydrology) The volume of water transported by a river in a certain amount of time, usually in units of m3/s (cubic meters per second).

Derived terms

  • corona discharge
  • discharge tube
  • dishonorable discharge
  • dishonourable discharge
  • electrical discharge machining
  • electric discharge
  • electrostatic discharge
  • glow discharge
  • partial discharge
  • partial discharge extinction voltage
  • partial discharge inception voltage
  • streamer discharge
  • surface discharge
  • Townsend discharge
  • vaginal discharge

Translations
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