devenir
French
Alternative forms
- dev'nir
Etymology
From Old French devenir, from Latin dēvenīre, present active infinitive of dēveniō, from dē + veniō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /də.v(ə).niʁ/
audio (file)
Noun
devenir m (plural devenirs)
- future
- Synonyms: futur, destin, avenir
Derived terms
- en devenir
Verb
devenir
- to become
- (Louisiana, followed by de) to come from
Conjugation
This is a verb in a group of -ir verbs. All verbs ending in -venir, such as convenir and revenir, are conjugated this way. Such verbs are the only verbs whose the past historic and subjunctive imperfect endings do not start in one of these thematic vowels (-a-, -i-, -u-).
Conjugation of devenir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | devenir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | être + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | devenant /də.v(ə).nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | étant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | devenu /də.v(ə).ny/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | deviens /də.vjɛ̃/ | deviens /də.vjɛ̃/ | devient /də.vjɛ̃/ | devenons /də.v(ə).nɔ̃/ | devenez /də.v(ə).ne/ | deviennent /də.vjɛn/ |
| imperfect | devenais /də.v(ə).nɛ/ | devenais /də.v(ə).nɛ/ | devenait /də.v(ə).nɛ/ | devenions /də.və.njɔ̃/ | deveniez /də.və.nje/ | devenaient /də.v(ə).nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | devins /də.vɛ̃/ | devins /də.vɛ̃/ | devint /də.vɛ̃/ | devînmes /də.vɛ̃m/ | devîntes /də.vɛ̃t/ | devinrent /də.vɛ̃ʁ/ | |
| future | deviendrai /də.vjɛ̃.dʁe/ | deviendras /də.vjɛ̃.dʁa/ | deviendra /də.vjɛ̃.dʁa/ | deviendrons /də.vjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | deviendrez /də.vjɛ̃.dʁe/ | deviendront /də.vjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | deviendrais /də.vjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | deviendrais /də.vjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | deviendrait /də.vjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | deviendrions /də.vjɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ | deviendriez /də.vjɛ̃.dʁi.je/ | deviendraient /də.vjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of être + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of être + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of être + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of être + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | devienne /də.vjɛn/ | deviennes /də.vjɛn/ | devienne /də.vjɛn/ | devenions /də.və.njɔ̃/ | deveniez /də.və.nje/ | deviennent /də.vjɛn/ |
| imperfect2 | devinsse /də.vɛ̃s/ | devinsses /də.vɛ̃s/ | devînt /də.vɛ̃/ | devinssions /də.vɛ̃.sjɔ̃/ | devinssiez /də.vɛ̃.sje/ | devinssent /də.vɛ̃s/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of être + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | deviens /də.vjɛ̃/ | — | devenons /də.v(ə).nɔ̃/ | devenez /də.v(ə).ne/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of être + past participle | — | simple imperative of être + past participle | simple imperative of être + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- c'est en forgeant qu'on devient forgeron
- devenir chèvre
- petit poisson deviendra grand
Related terms
- venir
Further reading
- “devenir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
- deviner
- venir de
Interlingua
Etymology
From French.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /de.veˈnir/
Verb
devenir
- to become
Conjugation
Conjugation of devenir
| infinitive | devenir | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| participle | present | perfect | |
| deveniente | devenite | ||
| active | simple | perfect | |
| present | deveni | ha devenite | |
| past | deveniva | habeva devenite | |
| future | devenira | habera devenite | |
| conditional | devenirea | haberea devenite | |
| imperative | deveni | ||
| passive | simple | perfect | |
| present | es devenite | ha essite devenite | |
| past | esseva devenite | habeva essite devenite | |
| future | essera devenite | habera essite devenite | |
| conditional | esserea devenite | haberea essite devenite | |
| imperative | sia devenite | ||
Old French
Etymology
First known attestation circa 980 as devenguz (nominative masculine singular past participle form). From Latin devenīre, present active infinitive of deveniō.
Verb
devenir
- to become, to turn into
- circa 1250, Marie de France, Yonec
- Chevaliers bels e genz devint.
- He turned into a handsome, noble knight.
- circa 1250, Marie de France, Yonec
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has a stressed present stem devien distinct from the unstressed stem deven, as well as other irregularities. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of devenir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | devenir | avoir devenu | |||||
| gerund | en devenant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | devenant | ||||||
| past participle | devenu | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses | present | devieng, devien | deviens | devient | devenons | devenez | devienent |
| imperfect | devenoie, deveneie | devenoies, deveneies | devenoit, deveneit | deveniiens, deveniens | deveniiez, deveniez | devenoient, deveneient | |
| preterite | devin | devenis | devint | devenimes | devenistes | devindrent, devinrent | |
| future | devendrai | devendras | devendra | devendrons | devendroiz, devendreiz, devendrez | devendront | |
| conditional | devendroie, devendreie | devendroies, devendreies | devendroit, devendreit | devendriiens, devendriens | devendriiez, devendriez | devendroient, devendreient | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses | present | deviegne | deviegnes | deviegne | deviegniens, deviegnons | deviegniez | deviegnent |
| imperfect | devenisse | devenisses | devenist | devenissons, devenissiens | devenissoiz, devenissez, devenissiez | devenissent | |
| compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | devien | — | devenons | devenez | — | ||
Descendants
- French: devenir
Spanish
Etymology
Borrowed from French devenir.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /debeˈniɾ/ [d̪e.β̞eˈniɾ]
- Rhymes: -iɾ
- Syllabification: de‧ve‧nir
Noun
devenir m (plural devenires)
- coming, future
Verb
devenir (first-person singular present devengo, first-person singular preterite devine, past participle devenido)
- to become
- to happen
- Synonyms: pasar, suceder, ocurrir
Conjugation
Conjugation of devenir (irregular; e-ie-i alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | devenir | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | deviniendo | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | devenido | devenida | |||||
| plural | devenidos | devenidas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | devengo | devienestú devenísvos | deviene | devenimos | devenís | devienen | |
| imperfect | devenía | devenías | devenía | deveníamos | deveníais | devenían | |
| preterite | devine | deviniste | devino | devinimos | devinisteis | devinieron | |
| future | devendré | devendrás | devendrá | devendremos | devendréis | devendrán | |
| conditional | devendría | devendrías | devendría | devendríamos | devendríais | devendrían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | devenga | devengastú devengásvos2 | devenga | devengamos | devengáis | devengan | |
| imperfect (ra) | deviniera | devinieras | deviniera | deviniéramos | devinierais | devinieran | |
| imperfect (se) | deviniese | devinieses | deviniese | deviniésemos | devinieseis | deviniesen | |
| future1 | deviniere | devinieres | deviniere | deviniéremos | deviniereis | devinieren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | devéntú devenívos | devenga | devengamos | devenid | devengan | ||
| negative | no devengas | no devenga | no devengamos | no devengáis | no devengan | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Further reading
- “devenir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014