desmayar
Spanish
Etymology
From Old French esmaier (“to perturb”), from Latin *magō, from Frankish *magan, from Proto-Germanic *maganą. Cognate with English dismay although a false friend. Compare Portuguese desmaiar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (everywhere but Argentina and Uruguay) /desmaˈʝaɾ/ [d̪ez.maˈʝaɾ]
- IPA(key): (Buenos Aires and environs) /desmaˈʃaɾ/ [d̪ez.maˈʃaɾ]
- IPA(key): (elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay) /desmaˈʒaɾ/ [d̪ez.maˈʒaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: des‧ma‧yar
Verb
desmayar (first-person singular present desmayo, first-person singular preterite desmayé, past participle desmayado)
- (transitive) to cause a person to faint
- (intransitive, figurative) to dishearten
- 1877, Benito Pérez Galdós, Gloria:
- Jamás desmayó en sus deberes de católico: jamás se dejó llevar a extremos de sutilezas y enrevesados simbolismos.
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
-
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) to faint (lose consciousness)
Usage notes
- Desmayar is a false friend, and does not mean dismay. Spanish equivalents are shown in the "Translations" section of the English entry dismay.
Conjugation
Conjugation of desmayar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive | desmayar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | desmayando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | desmayado | desmayada | |||||
plural | desmayados | desmayadas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | desmayo | desmayastú desmayásvos | desmaya | desmayamos | desmayáis | desmayan | |
imperfect | desmayaba | desmayabas | desmayaba | desmayábamos | desmayabais | desmayaban | |
preterite | desmayé | desmayaste | desmayó | desmayamos | desmayasteis | desmayaron | |
future | desmayaré | desmayarás | desmayará | desmayaremos | desmayaréis | desmayarán | |
conditional | desmayaría | desmayarías | desmayaría | desmayaríamos | desmayaríais | desmayarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | desmaye | desmayestú desmayésvos2 | desmaye | desmayemos | desmayéis | desmayen | |
imperfect (ra) | desmayara | desmayaras | desmayara | desmayáramos | desmayarais | desmayaran | |
imperfect (se) | desmayase | desmayases | desmayase | desmayásemos | desmayaseis | desmayasen | |
future1 | desmayare | desmayares | desmayare | desmayáremos | desmayareis | desmayaren | |
imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
affirmative | desmayatú desmayávos | desmaye | desmayemos | desmayad | desmayen | ||
negative | no desmayes | no desmaye | no desmayemos | no desmayéis | no desmayen |
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of desmayar
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive desmayar | |||||||
dative | desmayarme | desmayarte | desmayarle, desmayarse | desmayarnos | desmayaros | desmayarles, desmayarse | |
accusative | desmayarme | desmayarte | desmayarlo, desmayarla, desmayarse | desmayarnos | desmayaros | desmayarlos, desmayarlas, desmayarse | |
with gerund desmayando | |||||||
dative | desmayándome | desmayándote | desmayándole, desmayándose | desmayándonos | desmayándoos | desmayándoles, desmayándose | |
accusative | desmayándome | desmayándote | desmayándolo, desmayándola, desmayándose | desmayándonos | desmayándoos | desmayándolos, desmayándolas, desmayándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative desmaya | |||||||
dative | desmáyame | desmáyate | desmáyale | desmáyanos | not used | desmáyales | |
accusative | desmáyame | desmáyate | desmáyalo, desmáyala | desmáyanos | not used | desmáyalos, desmáyalas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative desmayá | |||||||
dative | desmayame | desmayate | desmayale | desmayanos | not used | desmayales | |
accusative | desmayame | desmayate | desmayalo, desmayala | desmayanos | not used | desmayalos, desmayalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative desmaye | |||||||
dative | desmáyeme | not used | desmáyele, desmáyese | desmáyenos | not used | desmáyeles | |
accusative | desmáyeme | not used | desmáyelo, desmáyela, desmáyese | desmáyenos | not used | desmáyelos, desmáyelas | |
with first-person plural imperative desmayemos | |||||||
dative | not used | desmayémoste | desmayémosle | desmayémonos | desmayémoos | desmayémosles | |
accusative | not used | desmayémoste | desmayémoslo, desmayémosla | desmayémonos | desmayémoos | desmayémoslos, desmayémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative desmayad | |||||||
dative | desmayadme | not used | desmayadle | desmayadnos | desmayaos | desmayadles | |
accusative | desmayadme | not used | desmayadlo, desmayadla | desmayadnos | desmayaos | desmayadlos, desmayadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative desmayen | |||||||
dative | desmáyenme | not used | desmáyenle | desmáyennos | not used | desmáyenles, desmáyense | |
accusative | desmáyenme | not used | desmáyenlo, desmáyenla | desmáyennos | not used | desmáyenlos, desmáyenlas, desmáyense |
Related terms
- desmayo
Further reading
- “desmayar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014