den

See also: Appendix:Variations of "den"

Translingual

Symbol

den

(international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Slavey.

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English den, from Old English denn (“den, lair (of a beast), cave; a swine-pasture, a woodland pasture for swine”), from Proto-West Germanic *dani (“threshing-floor, barn-floor”). Cognate with Scots den (“den, lair”), Middle Dutch denne (“burrow, den, cave, attic”), Dutch den (“ship's deck, threshing-floor, mountain floor”), Middle Low German denne, danne (“threshing-floor, small dale”), German Tenne (“threshing-floor, barn for threshing”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dɛn/
(pin–pen merger) IPA^(key): /dɪn/
Audio (US) (file)
Rhymes: -ɛn
Homophone: din (pin-pen merger)

Noun

den (plural dens)

A small cavern or hollow place in the side of a hill, or among rocks; especially, a cave used by a wild animal for shelter or concealment.
a den of robbers
Daniel was put into the lions’ den.
Synonyms: lair; Wiktionary appendix of animal terms, including their homes
A squalid or wretched place; a haunt.
a den of vice
an opium den; a gambling den
A comfortable room not used for formal entertaining.
Synonym: family room
Synonym of fort (“structure improvised from furniture, etc. for playing games.”)
Our little girls love using bedsheets and other stuff around the house to make dens in the living room and pretending they're on adventures.
(UK, Scotland, obsolete) A narrow glen; a ravine; a dell.
- 1806, Sir William Forbes, An Account of the Life and Writings of James Beattie, LL.D., including many of his Original Letters:
  I have made several visits of late to the Den of Rubislaw
A group of Cub Scouts of the same age who work on projects together.

Derived terms

beard the lion in his den
Boris's den
den mother
den of iniquity
lion's den
Maggie's den

Translations

home of certain animals

Arabic: عَرِين‎ m (ʿarīn), جُحْر‎ m (juḥr), عُشّ‎ m (ʿušš)
Armenian: որջ (hy) (orǰ), բույն (hy) (buyn)
Azerbaijani: yuva (az)
Bashkir: оя (oya)
Belarusian: нара́ f (nará), бярло́г m (bjarlóh), мярло́га f (mjarlóha), ло́гавішча n (lóhavišča)
Bulgarian: бърло́га (bg) f (bǎrlóga), леговище (bg) n (legovište)
Burmese: သားရဲတွင်း (my) (sa:rai:twang:)
Catalan: cau (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 巢穴 (zh) (cháoxué), 獸穴／兽穴 (zh) (shòuxué), 獸窟／兽窟 (shòukū), 獸窩／兽窝 (shòuwō)
Czech: doupě n, nora (cs) f, brloh m
Danish: hule (da) c
Dutch: hol (nl) n
Estonian: pesa (et), koobas (et), urg (et)
Finnish: luola (fi), pesä (fi)
French: antre (fr) m, tanière (fr) f, repaire (fr) m
Galician: tobo (gl) m
Georgian: ბუნაგი (bunagi)
German: Höhle (de) f, Bau (de) m
Greek:
Ancient: φωλεός m (phōleós)
Hebrew: מְחִילָה‎ (he) f (mekhilá)
Hindi: मांद (hi) f (mānd)
Hungarian: odú (hu), barlang (hu), kotorék (hu)
Indonesian: liang (id)
Irish: brocais f, pluais f, uachais f
Italian: covo (it) m, tana (it) f
Japanese: 巣窟 (ja) (そうくつ, sōkutsu)
Kaurna: yapa
Kazakh: апан (apan), аунақ (aunaq), жатақ (jataq), ұя (ūä), үңгір (üñgır)
Korean: 굴 (ko) (gul), 소굴 (ko) (sogul)
Kyrgyz: үңкүр (ky) (üŋkür), түнөк (ky) (tünök)
Lao: ສຸ່ງ (sung)
Latin: lustrum n
Latvian: miga (lv) f
Lithuanian: urvas m
Macedonian: дувло n (duvlo)
Manx: towl m, aaght m
Maore Comorian: gumbo class 5/6
Middle English: den
Norwegian:
Bokmål: hi (no) n
Occitan: tuta (oc) f
Ojibwe: waazh, waanzh
Persian: لانه‎ (fa) (lâne), کنام‎ (fa) (konâm)
Polish: nora (pl) f, barłóg (pl) m, jama (pl) f, legowisko (pl) n, pieczara (pl) f, legowisko (pl) n, leże n
Portuguese: toca (pt), cova (pt)
Romanian: vizuină (ro) f
Russian: нора́ (ru) f (norá), ло́гово (ru) n (lógovo), берло́га (ru) f (berlóga) (esp. bears), ло́говище (ru) n (lógovišče)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: брлог, јазбина, јама, лог
Roman: brlog (sh), jazbina (sh), jama (sh), log (sh)
Slovak: dúpä f, nora f, brloh (sk) m
Slovene: brlog (sl) m inan
Spanish: madriguera (es) f, cubil (es) m, guarida (es) f
Swedish: gryt (sv) n, håla (sv) c, jordkula (sv) c
Tagalog: kubil
Tajik: лона (lona), сӯрох (sürox)
Tocharian B: lesto
Turkish: in (tr)
Turkmen: süren
Ukrainian: нора́ (uk) f (norá), барлі́г (uk) m (barlíh), лі́гвище n (líhvyšče), лі́гво n (líhvo)
Uzbek: in (uz), uya (uz)
Vietnamese: hang (vi)
Welsh: ffau f

squalid or wretched place

Aghwan: 𐕐𐔰𐕎 (šan)
Finnish: pesä (fi), luola (fi)
Indonesian: liang (id)
Irish: poll m
Latin: lustrum n
Maori: hāpoki
Polish: melina (pl) f, speluna (pl) f
Portuguese: enxovia (pt)
Russian: прито́н (ru) (pritón)
Vietnamese: hang ổ
Welsh: ogof (cy) f

living room of a house

Danish: værelse (da) n, hybel c, (slang) hummer n, hule (da) c
Dutch: woonkamer (nl) c, huiskamer (nl) c, leefkamer (nl) c
Finnish: olohuone (fi)
French: salon (fr) m
German: Wohnzimmer (de) n
Indonesian: ruang santai
Irish: nead (ga) f
Italian: salotto (it) m
Latin: tablīnum n
Spanish: gabinete (es) m
Turkish: in (tr), sofa (tr)
Welsh: lloches f

Verb

den (third-person singular simple present dens, present participle denning, simple past and past participle denned)

(reflexive) To ensconce or hide oneself in (or as in) a den.

Etymology 2

From Old French denier, from Latin denarius.

Noun

den

Abbreviation of denier (a unit of weight)

Noun

den (plural dens)

(Northumbria, chiefly in place names) Alternative form of dene.

Adverb

den (not comparable)

Pronunciation spelling of then, representing AAVE, Bermuda English.

Anagrams

-end, DNE, End, NDE, NED, Ned, edn., end, end-, ned

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch den.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dɛn/

Noun

den (plural denne)

pine (tree)

Akan

Pronunciation

Tone: LL[1]

Adjective

den

(Twi) hard
nsa yɛden ― the hand is hard[2]

Related terms

(Nouns)

denhyɛ

(Adverbs)

denneennen

(Adjectives)

dennen

References

Kotey, Paul A. (1998). Twi-English/English-Twi Dictionary. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN
Dolphyne, Florence Abena (1996) A Comprehensive Course in Twi (Asante) for the Non-Twi Learner‎, Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, →ISBN, page 123

Bambara

Noun

den

child
fruit

Derived terms

(Sense 1)

denkɛ
denkundi
denkura
denmarayɔrɔ
denmisɛn
denmuso
denso

Verb

den (intransitive)

to bear fruit

Breton

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *dün, from Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰom-yo- (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdẽːn/

Noun

den m

human being
person, man
husband

Cimbrian

Pronoun

den

inflection of dèar:
1. accusative singular masculine
2. dative plural

Determiner

den

inflection of dèar:
1. accusative singular masculine
2. dative plural

Cornish

Etymology

From Old Cornish den, from Proto-Brythonic *dün, from Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰom-yo- (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”).

Pronunciation

(Revived Middle Cornish) IPA^(key): [dɛːn]
(Revived Late Cornish) IPA^(key): [deːn]

Noun

den m (plural tus)

man
person

Mutation

Mutation of den

Cornish consonant mutation
unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed	mixed after 'th
den	dhen	unchanged	ten	ten	ten

Czech

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈdɛn]
audio (file)
Rhymes: -ɛn

Etymology 1

From Old Czech den, from Proto-Slavic *dьnь (“day”).

Noun

den m inan

day (24 hours, usually from midnight to midnight)
jednoho dne ― one day, someday
Jednoho dne tě chytí. ― They're gonna catch you one day.
po několikadnech ― after a few days
za párdní ― in a couple of days

daytime (time between sunrise and sunset)
(astronomy) day (rotational period of a body orbiting a star)
Den na Merkuru trvá téměř 59 pozemských dní. ― A day on Mercury lasts almost 59 terrestrial days.

Declension

Declension of den

	singular	plural
nominative	den	dni, dny
genitive	dne	dní, dnů
dative	dni, dnu	dnům
accusative	den	dni, dny
vocative	dne, dni	dni, dny
locative	dni, dnu	dnech
instrumental	dnem	dny

Derived terms

deník m
denně
denní
dnes
den sobotní
každodenní
dobrý den
všední

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

den

genitive plural of dno

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

den

genitive plural of dna

Anagrams

dne

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse þann, the accusative form of sá, from Proto-Germanic *sa (“that”), from Proto-Indo-European *só (“this, that”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dɛnˀ/, [ˈd̥ɛnˀ], [d̥ɛn], [d̥n̩], [pm̩]

Article

den c (neuter det, plural de)

(definite) the (used before an adjective preceding a noun)
bilen - the car; den røde bil - the red car

Pronoun

den c (neuter det, plural de)

(demonstrative) that, the
(personal) it

Dutch

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch dan, danne, denne (“pine tree”), from Old Dutch *danna, from Proto-West Germanic *dannā (“pine tree”). Cognate with German Tanne.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dɛn/
Hyphenation: den
Rhymes: -ɛn

Noun

den m (plural dennen, diminutive dennetje n)

pine, pine tree

Synonyms

(pine tree): dennenboom, naaldboom, pijnboom

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch den.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dɛn/, /dən/
Hyphenation: den
Rhymes: -ɛn

Article

den (definite)

(archaic) Dative masculine, neuter, and plural of the definite article.
Nederland in den goeden ouden tijd. — The Netherlands in the days of yore.
De baron gaf den koetsier een wenk en het rijtuig rolde heen. — The baron gave the coachman a sign and the carriage rode away. (from the story Gaston von Frankrijk by J.J.A. Goeverneur)
In den beginne schiep God den hemel en de aarde — In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth
(archaic) Accusative singular masculine of the definite article.
(Southern, dialectal) Masculine singular of the definite article, alternative form of de.

Usage notes

The distinction of the dative case, which had long been frail and without any basis in actual speech, widely fell out of use over the course of the 19th century. The use of den for the masculine object case, however, remained usual in the written language until the spelling reform of 1947. Since then only de is generally used in standard Dutch. Den survives in idiomatic expressions, including surnames (e.g. Van den Berg).
In Flemish, Brabantian, and Limburgish dialects and vernaculars, den is still widely used with masculine nouns, but without any case distinction. Often den is used before vowels and certain consonants, while de is used before other consonants.
The now common pronunciation /dɛn/ is a spelling pronunciation. Before the word became archaic—and still in those lects where it is not archaic—it has been pronounced with a schwa, /dən/.

Inflection

**Dutch definite article**
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	de	de	het	de
Genitive	des	der	des	der
Dative	den	der	den	den
Accusative	den	de	het	de

Derived terms

op den duur

German

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /deːn/ (stressed)
IPA^(key): /den/, /dən/ (unstressed)
audio (file)
Homophone: dehn
Rhymes: -eːn

Article

den (definite)

inflection of der (“the”):
1. accusative masculine singular
2. dative plural

Declension

German definite articles
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	der	die	das	die
Genitive	des	der	des	der
Dative	dem	der	dem	den
Accusative	den	die	das	die

Pronoun

den

that; whom; accusative masculine singular of der

Irish

Alternative forms

de’n (superseded)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dʲɛnˠ/, /dʲənˠ/
(Connemara, Aran Islands) IPA^(key): /ɡənˠ/

Contraction

den

Contraction of de an.
Bhris mé den chrann é. ― I broke it off the tree.
Fuair sé bás den ocras. ― He died of hunger.

Usage notes

This contraction is obligatory, i.e. *de an never appears uncontracted. It triggers lenition of a following consonant other than d, s, or t.

Related terms

Irish preposition contractions

Basic form	Contracted with							Copular forms
Basic form	an (“the sg”)	na (“the pl”)	mo (“my”)	do (“your”)	a (“his, her, their; which (present)”)	ár (“our”)	ar (“which (past)”)	(before consonant)	(present/future before vowel)	(past/conditional before vowel)
de (“from”)	den	de na desna*	de mo dem*	de do ded, det	dá	dár		dar	darb	darbh
do (“to, for”)	don	do na dosna*	do mo dom*	do do dod, dot	dá	dár		dar	darb	darbh
faoi (“under, about”)	faoin	faoi na	faoi mo	faoi do	faoina	faoinár	faoinar		faoinarb	faoinarbh
i (“in”)	sa, san	sna	i mo im*	i do id, it	ina	inár	inar		inarb	inarbh
le (“with”)	leis an	leis na	le mo lem*	le do led, let	lena	lenár	lenar		lenarb	lenarbh
ó (“from, since”)	ón	ó na ósna*	ó mo óm*	ó do ód, ót	óna	ónár	ónar		ónarb	ónarbh
trí (“through”)	tríd an	trí na	trí mo	trí do	trína	trínár	trínar		trínarb	trínarbh
*Dialectal.

Japanese

Romanization

den

Rōmaji transcription of でん

Luxembourgish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /den/, [dən]

Determiner

den m

unstressed form of deen

Declension

Luxembourgish definite articles
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nom./acc.	deen (den)	déi (d')	dat (d')	déi (d')
dat.	deem (dem)	där (der)	deem (dem)	deen (den)
gen.		der

Malay

Pronunciation

(Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /den/
(Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /dɪn/
Rhymes: -den, -en

Pronoun

den (Jawi spelling دين‎)

I, me, my

Mandarin

Romanization

den

Nonstandard spelling of dèn.

Usage notes

English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Messapian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ghen. Related to Proto-Albanian *džana (“voice”) and Albanian zë (“voice”)

Noun

den

voice

Middle Dutch

Article

den

inflection of die:
1. masculine accusative/dative singular
2. neuter dative singular
3. dative plural

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English denn, from Proto-West Germanic *dani. Forms with a final vowel are probably generalised datives.

Alternative forms

denne

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dɛn/, /ˈdɛn(ə)/

Noun

den (plural dennes)

A cave or cavern.
A chamber of residence:
1. A den (animal lair)
  - c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎, published c. 1410, Matheu 8:20, page 3v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:
    and iheſus ſeide to him / foxis han dennes ⁊ bꝛiddis of heuene han neeſtis.· but mannes ſone haþ not where he ſchal reſte his heed
    But Jesus said to him, "Foxes have dens and the birds up above have nests, but the Son of Man has nowhere he can rest his head."
2. A refuge; a shelter.
A catacomb (subterranean grave)
(anatomy) A cavity; a division.

Descendants

English: den
Scots: den

References

“den, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Etymology 2

From Anglo-Norman deen and continental Old French deien, from Latin decānus.

Alternative forms

deen, deene, dene, deyne, doien, dyen

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dɛːn/

Noun

den (plural denes)

A dean (ecclesiastical official)
A leader of a group of ten.
A officer of a guild.
(rare, by extension) A leader of a group].

Descendants

English: dean

References

“dēn, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Noun

den

Alternative form of dene

Noun

den

Alternative form of deyne

Noun

den

Alternative form of dynne

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (stressed) /ˈdɛn/, (unstressed) /dən/

Pronoun

den (genitive dens)

it; third person singular, masculine/feminine gender. Nominative, accusative or dative.

Pronoun

den m or f

(demonstrative pronoun) that

Article

den m or f

The; only used if there is an adjective in front of the noun.
bilen: the car → den røde bilen: the red car

Related terms

det
de
dem

Anagrams

end, ned

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse þann, þenn, masculine accusative singular of sá, from Proto-Germanic *sa, from Proto-Indo-European *só.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dɛnː/

Determiner

den m or f (neuter singular det, plural dei)

(demonstrative determiner) that
Eg vil ha den bilen.
I want that car.

Derived terms

den og den

Article

den m or f (neuter singular det, plural dei)

the; only used if there is an adjective or numeral to the noun
Han køyrde den raude bilen.
He drove the red car.

Usage notes

Usually put preceding the noun. In some rare cases of poetry, the article may come after the noun.
The noun is nearly always in its definite form. Exceptions include fixed expressions and poetry. Attributive adjectives are always in their definite forms.
May be omitted when used with the determiner same, used with an ordinal number, or an adjective denotes an inherent or natural attribute of the thing. Omission occurs more frequently, colloquially, in certain dialects.
same tingen ― [the] same thing
fyrste kvelden ― [the] first night
svarte natta ― [the] dark night

Declension

Norwegian Nynorsk demonstrative pronouns

singular	masculine / feminine	neuter
nominative-accusative	den, denn / dann¹	det, dat¹
dative³	deim	di
plural	masculine / feminine / neuter
nominative	dei
accusative	dei, deim²
dative³	deim
genitive	deira, deires³

¹: Landsmål. ²: Unofficial today. ³: Rare or dialectal. ⁴: Obsolete.

Derived terms

den dag
den eldre
den enkelte
den gong
den siste til å
den vonde
den yngre

Pronoun

den

(demonstrative pronoun) that one
Eg vil ha den.
I want that one.

References

“den” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
“den”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016
“den” in Ivar Aasen (1873) Norsk Ordbog med dansk Forklaring

Papiamentu

Etymology

From Portuguese dentro and Spanish dentro and Kabuverdianu dentu.

Preposition

den

in
inside
below

Polish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dɛn/
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -ɛn
Syllabification: den

Noun

den n

genitive plural of dno

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈden/ [ˈd̪ẽn]
Rhymes: -en
Syllabification: den

Verb

den

inflection of dar:
1. third-person plural present subjunctive
2. third-person plural imperative

Sranan Tongo

Alternative forms

dem (archaic)

Etymology

From English them.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /den/

Pronoun

den

they
them

Determiner

den

their (possessive pronoun)

Article

den

the (plural definite article)

Swedish

Alternative forms

then, dhen (obsolete)

Etymology

From Old Swedish þæn, accusative of sā(r), from Old Norse sá, from Proto-Germanic *sa, from Proto-Indo-European *só.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dɛnː/
audio (file)

Pronoun

den c

it
that
he or she

Declension

Swedish personal pronouns

Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	Possessive
Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	common	neuter	plural
singular	first	—	jag	mig, mej³	min	mitt	mina
	second	—	du	dig, dej³	din	ditt	dina
	third	masculine (person)	han	honom, han², en⁵	hans
		feminine (person)	hon	henne, na⁵	hennes
		gender-neutral (person)¹	hen	hen, henom⁷	hens
		common (noun)	den	den	dess
		neuter (noun)	det	det	dess
		indefinite	man or en⁴	en	ens
		reflexive	—	sig, sej³	sin	sitt	sina
plural	first	—	vi	oss	vår, våran²	vårt, vårat²	våra
	second	—	ni	er	er, eran², ers⁶	ert, erat²	era
	second	archaic	I	eder	eder, eders⁶	edert	edra
	third	—	de, dom³	dem, dom³	deras
	third	reflexive	—	sig, sej³	sin	sitt	sina

¹Neologism. Usage has increased since 2010, and has gained widespread acceptance today.

²Informal

³Colloquial pronunciation spelling.

⁴Dialectal, also used lately as an alternative to man, to avoid association to the male gender.

⁵Informal, somewhat dialectal

⁶Formal address

⁷Discouraged by the Swedish Language Council

Article

den c (definite)

(before an adjective preceding a noun) the
den röda bilen ― the red car

Related terms

det
det här
det där
den här
den där
dessa
de
dem

Anagrams

ned

Zhuang

Etymology

From Mandarin 電／电 (diàn).

Pronunciation

(Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /teːn˧˥/

Tone numbers: den⁵

Hyphenation: den

Noun

den (1957–1982 spelling den)

electricity

[1] Kotey, Paul A. (1998). Twi-English/English-Twi Dictionary. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN

[2] Dolphyne, Florence Abena (1996) A Comprehensive Course in Twi (Asante) for the Non-Twi Learner‎, Accra, Ghana: Ghana Universities Press, →ISBN, page 123

den

Translingual

Symbol

English

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

Etymology 2

Noun

Noun

Adverb

See also

Anagrams

Afrikaans

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Akan

Pronunciation

Adjective

Related terms

References

Bambara

Noun

Derived terms

Verb

Breton

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Cimbrian

Pronoun

Determiner

See also

Further reading

Cornish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Mutation

Czech

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

Etymology 3

Noun

Further reading

Anagrams

Danish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Article

See also

Pronoun

See also

Dutch

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Article

Usage notes

Inflection

Derived terms

German

Pronunciation

Article

Declension

Pronoun

Irish

Alternative forms