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单词 demon
释义

demon

See also: démon, dēmon, dêmon, demön, and Demon

English

Saint Anthony being tormented by demons in The Torment of Saint Anthony, by Michelangelo (c. 1487).

Alternative forms

  • (now chiefly in reference to the ancient Greek spirit): daimon, daemon, dæmon

Etymology

From Middle English demon, a borrowing from Medieval Latin dēmōn, daemōn (“lar, familiar spirit, guardian spirit”), from Ancient Greek δαίμων (daímōn, “dispenser, god, protective spirit”). Doublet of daimon.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈdiː.mən/
  • Audio (UK)(file)
  • Rhymes: -iːmən
  • Homophone: daemon

Noun

demon (plural demons)

  1. An evil supernatural spirit.
    1. An evil spirit resident in or working for Hell; a devil. [from 10th c.]
    2. (now chiefly historical) A false god or idol; a Satanic divinity. [from 10th c.]
    3. A very wicked or malevolent person; also (in weakened sense) a mischievous person, especially a child. [from 16th c.]
    4. A source (especially personified) of great evil or wickedness; a destructive feeling or character flaw. [from 17th c.]
      The demon of stupidity haunts me whenever I open my mouth.
    5. (in the plural) A person's fears or anxieties. [from 19th c.]
      • 2013, The Guardian, 21 January:
        After a short spell on an adult psychiatric ward, she decided to find her own way to deal with her demons.
  2. A neutral supernatural spirit.
    1. A person's inner spirit or genius; a guiding or creative impulse. [from 14th c.]
      • c. 1606–1607, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene iii]:
        Oh Anthony […] Thy Dæmon that thy spirit which keepes thee, is Noble, Couragious, high vnmatchable.
      • 2000, Phillip Pullman, The Amber Spyglass:
        “You saw her. And I picked her up,” Lyra said, blushing, because of course it was a gross violation of manners to touch something so private as someone else's dæmon.
    2. (Greek mythology) A tutelary deity or spirit intermediate between the major Olympian gods and mankind, especially a deified hero or the entity which supposedly guidedSocrates, telling him what not to do. [from 16th c.]
    3. A spirit not considered to be inherently evil; a (non-Christian) deity or supernatural being. [from 19th c.]
    4. A hypothetical entity with special abilities postulated for the sake of a thought experiment in philosophy or physics.
      • 1874, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, “Kinetic Theory of the Dissipation of Energy” in Nature 9, 441-444:
        Let the orders now be that each demon is to stop all molecules from crossing his area in either direction except 100 coming from A, arbitrarily chosen to be let pass into B, and a greater number, having among them less energy but equal momentum, to cross from B to A.
  3. Someone with great strength, passion or skill for a particular activity, pursuit etc.; an enthusiast. [from 19th c.]
    He’s a demon at the card tables.
    • 2021 May 29, David Hytner, “Chelsea win Champions League after Kai Havertz stuns Manchester City”, in The Guardian‎:
      Chelsea defended like demons to snuff out Manchester City but this was a perfectly calibrated triumph, built upon a structured attacking approach, choosing the right moments to transition, and illuminated by the smoothness of Havertz’s technique.
  4. (card games) A type of patience or solitaire (card game) played in the UK and/or US. [from 19th c.]
    Coordinate term: Canfield
    • 1924, EM Forster, A Passage to India, Penguin 2005, page 89:
      ‘That's much the best feeling to have.’ She dealt out the first row of ‘demon’.
  5. Any of various hesperiid butterflies of the genera Notocrypta and Udaspes.

Usage notes

Meanings drawing on the neutral, ancient Greek conception now often distinguish themselves by the variant spellings daimon or daemon.

Synonyms

  • (evil spirit): See Thesaurus:demon
  • (neutral spirit): genius, tutelary deity, see also Thesaurus:god and Thesaurus:spirit

Hyponyms

  • (evil spirit): See Thesaurus:demon
  • (theoretical entity): Maxwell's demon

Derived terms

  • bedemon
  • confront one's demons
  • demonagogue
  • demon core
  • demon dialing
  • demon duck of doom
  • demoness
  • demonette
  • demonic
  • demonical
  • demonify
  • demonish
  • demonism
  • demonist
  • demonist
  • demonize
  • demonkin
  • demonkind
  • demonless
  • demonlike
  • demonlore
  • demonography
  • demonolatory
  • demonology
  • demonomachy
  • demonomancy
  • demonomaniac
  • demonomist
  • demonopathy
  • demonship
  • demonslayer
  • demonspawn
  • face one's demons
  • half-demon
  • like a demon
  • nasal demon
  • nondemon
  • speed demon
Related terms
  • demonkin
  • agathodemon
  • antidemonic
  • archdemon
  • cacodemon
  • counterdemonic
  • Demon core
  • demon dialing
  • demonagogue
  • demonette
  • demonhood
  • demonian
    • demonianism
  • demonic, demonical
    • demonically
  • demoniac, demoniacal
    • demoniacally
  • demonifuge
  • demonify
  • demonish
  • demonism
  • demonist
  • demonize
    • demonization
  • demoness
  • demonkind
  • demonlike
  • demonlore
  • demonly
  • demonry
  • demonship
  • demonocracy
  • demonography
  • demonographer
  • demonolater
  • demonolatry
  • demonology
  • demonomagy
  • demonomancy
  • demonomania
  • demonomaniac
  • demonomist
  • demonomy
  • demonopathy
  • demonophobia
  • eudemon
  • half-demon
  • Maxwell's demon
  • nasal demon
  • speed demon

Translations

tutelary deity — see tutelary deity
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Anagrams

  • Emond, monde, moned

Dutch

Etymology

From Latin daemon (“lar, genius, guardian spirit”), from Ancient Greek δαίμων (daímōn, “dispenser, god, protective spirit”). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈdeː.mɔn/
  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: de‧mon

Noun

demon m (plural demonen or demons)

  1. genius, lar
  2. (uncommon) demon
    Synonyms: demoon, duivel

Finnish

Noun

demon

  1. genitive singular of demo

Anagrams

  • moden

Latin

Alternative forms

  • dēmum

Pronunciation

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈdeː.mon/, [ˈd̪eːmɔn]
  • (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈde.mon/, [ˈd̪ɛːmon]

Noun

dēmon m

  1. accusative singular of dēmos

Middle English

Etymology

From Medieval Latin dēmōn, daemōn, from Ancient Greek δαίμων (daímōn). Doublet of tyme (“time”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dɛːˈmɔːn/

Noun

demon (plural demones)

  1. demon, devil, malicious spirit
  2. (rare) daimon, helpful spirit

Descendants

  • English: demon

References

  • “dēmōn, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-25.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δαίμων (daímōn).

Noun

demon m (definite singular demonen, indefinite plural demoner, definite plural demonene)

  1. a demon

Derived terms

  • demonisere
  • demonisk

References

  • “demon” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δαίμων (daímōn).

Noun

demon m (definite singular demonen, indefinite plural demonar, definite plural demonane)

  1. a demon

Derived terms

  • demonisere
  • demonisk

References

  • “demon” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Irish

Alternative forms

  • demun

Etymology

From Latin daemōn, from Ancient Greek δαίμων (daímōn), though the plural seems to be from daemonia, the plural of the diminutive daemonium.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈdʲeṽon]

Noun

demon m (genitive demuin, nominative plural demna)

  1. demon, devil
  2. the Devil
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 9d24
      arna dich cách assa dligud i n-adaltras tri láthar demuin et tri bar nebcongabthetit-si
      lest everyone go out of his duty into adultery through the Devil’s machination and through your incontinence

Declension

Masculine o-stem
SingularDualPlural
Nominativedemon, demundemonL, demundemnaL
VocativedemuindemonL, demundemnuH
AccusativedemonN, demundemonL, demundemnaiH
GenitivedemuinLdemon, demundemonN, demun, demneN
DativedemonL, demundemnaib, demnibdemnaib, demnib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

  • Irish: deamhan
  • Scottish Gaelic: deamhan

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
demondemon
pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/		ndemon
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

  1. Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2003), D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 280, page 178

Further reading

  • G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “demon”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Polish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin daemon (“lar, genius, guardian spirit”), from Ancient Greek δαίμων (daímōn, “dispenser, god, protective spirit”). Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English daemon.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈdɛ.mɔn/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛmɔn
  • Syllabification: de‧mon

Noun

demon m anim

  1. (mythology, religion) demon (evil supernatural spirit)
  2. (computing) daemon (running program that does not have a controlling terminal)

Declension

Declension of demon
singularplural
nominativedemondemony
genitivedemonademonów
dativedemonowidemonom
accusativedemonademony
instrumentaldemonemdemonami
locativedemoniedemonach
vocativedemoniedemony

Derived terms

adjective
  • demoniczny
adverb
  • demonicznie
nouns
  • demonek
  • demonica
  • demonizm
  • demonizowanie
  • demonologia
  • zdemonizowanie
verbs
  • demonizować impf, zdemonizować pf

Further reading

  • demon in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • demon in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Alternative forms

  • dimon (regional, Moldova)

Etymology

Borrowed from Greek δαίμονας (daímonas), partly through the intermediate of (South) Slavic *demonь. Compare also Aromanian demun.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈdemon]

Noun

demon m (plural demoni)

  1. demon
  2. (figuratively) a despicable person

Declension

Declension of demon
singularplural
indefinite articulationdefinite articulationindefinite articulationdefinite articulation
nominative/accusative(un) demondemonul(niște) demonidemonii
genitive/dative(unui) demondemonului(unor) demonidemonilor
vocativedemonuledemonilor

Synonyms

  • diavol
  • drac

Antonyms

  • înger
  • sfânt
  • demonic

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from Greek δαίμονας (daímonas).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /děmoːn/
  • Hyphenation: de‧mon

Noun

dèmōn m (Cyrillic spelling дѐмо̄н)

  1. demon

Declension

Declension of demon
singularplural
nominativedèmōndemoni
genitivedemónademona
dativedemonudemonima
accusativedemonademone
vocativedemonedemoni
locativedemonudemonima
instrumentaldemonomdemonima

Derived terms

  • dèmōnskī
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