december

See also: December

Danish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /deˈsɛˀmbɐ/, [d̥e̝ˈseˀmb̥ɐ], [te̝ˈseˀmpɒ̽]

Noun

december c

December (the twelfth and last month of the Gregorian calendar)

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch december, from Latin december.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /deːˈsɛmbər/, /dəˈzɛmbər/
(Northern) IPA^(key): [deɪˈsɛmbər]
Audio (NL) (file)
Hyphenation: de‧cem‧ber
Rhymes: -ɛmbər

Noun

december m (plural decembers, diminutive decembertje n)

December

Descendants

Afrikaans: Desember
Negerhollands: december
→ Caribbean Hindustani: desambar
→ Caribbean Javanese: désèmber
→ Indonesian: Desember
→ Papiamentu: desèmber
→ Trió: risenpë

Hungarian

**Hungarian months**
november	← december →	január
Abbreviation : dec. Adjective : decemberi Adverb : decemberenként
Hungarian Wikipedia article on december

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈdɛt͡sɛmbɛr]
Audio (file)
Hyphenation: de‧cem‧ber
Rhymes: -ɛr

Noun

december (plural decemberek)

December

Declension

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	december	decemberek
accusative	decembert	decembereket
dative	decembernek	decembereknek
instrumental	decemberrel	decemberekkel
causal-final	decemberért	decemberekért
translative	decemberré	decemberekké
terminative	decemberig	decemberekig
essive-formal	decemberként	decemberekként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	decemberben	decemberekben
superessive	decemberen	decembereken
adessive	decembernél	decembereknél
illative	decemberbe	decemberekbe
sublative	decemberre	decemberekre
allative	decemberhez	decemberekhez
elative	decemberből	decemberekből
delative	decemberről	decemberekről
ablative	decembertől	decemberektől
non-attributive possessive - singular	decemberé	decembereké
non-attributive possessive - plural	decemberéi	decemberekéi

Possessive forms of december
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	decemberem	decembereim
2nd person sing.	decembered	decembereid
3rd person sing.	decembere	decemberei
1st person plural	decemberünk	decembereink
2nd person plural	decemberetek	decembereitek
3rd person plural	decemberük	decembereik

Latin

Etymology

By syncope from earlier *decumo-mēmbris, analogically to septem : september, from earlier *decumo-mēnsris "of the tenth month", from the ordinal stem decem (“ten”) + *mēnsris, from mens- (“month”) + -ris; + -ber from -bris, an adjectival suffix. In the Roman calendar, the year began with mārtius (“March”), and december was the tenth month of the year.

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /deˈkem.ber/, [d̪ɛˈkɛmbɛr]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /deˈt͡ʃem.ber/, [d̪eˈt͡ʃɛmber]

Adjective

december (feminine decembris, neuter decembre); third-declension three-termination adjective

of December
- 59 B.C.E. - 17 C.E. — Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, Book XXII
  postremo decembri iam mense ad aedem Saturni Romae immolatum est.
  finally in the middle of the month of December there was a sacrifice at the Temple of Saturn.
(masculine substantive) December
- 1283 — Tomazina de Savere, published in Josip Lučić (1984) Spisi Dubrovačke Kancelarije, Knjiga II, page 310.
  Die tercio decembris — On the third day of December

Usage notes

In Latin, month names are also used as adjectives, modifying substantives such as mensis.

Declension

Third-declension three-termination adjective.

Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Neuter
Number	Singular			Plural
Nominative	december	decembris	decembre	decembrēs	decembria
Genitive	decembris			decembrium
Dative	decembrī			decembribus
Accusative	decembrem		decembre	decembrēs	decembria
Ablative	decembrī			decembribus
Vocative	december	decembris	decembre	decembrēs	decembria

Descendants

Italo-Dalmatian
- Corsican: dicembre, decembre, dicembri
- Italian: dicembre
  - → Emilian: dicèmber
  - → Ligurian: dixénbre
  - → Lombard: dicember
- Neapolitan: deciémbro, dicèmbre
  Tarantino: decèmmre
- Sicilian: dicèmmiru, dicembri, dicembru
- → Maltese: Diċembru
Padanian:
- Emilian: dzèmbar, gèmbar, giämbar
- Friulian: dicembar
- Ladin: dezember
- Ligurian: dexénbre
- Lombard: dezèmber, dezèmbre
- Piedmontese: dzèmber, dzèmbri, zèmbr, gèmbr
- Emilian: dissèmbre, dissèmbar
- Romansch: dezember, december, schember
- Venetian: disenbre
  - → Cimbrian: ditzembre
Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Aragonese: diciembre
- Occitan: decembre
  Gascon: deceme
- Old Catalan: decembre, dehembre, deembre
  - Catalan: desembre (Influenced by desè)
Ibero-Romance:
- Old Leonese:
  - Asturian: diciembre
  - Extremaduran: diziembri
  - Mirandese: dezembre
- Old Spanish: deziembre, diziembre
  - Ladino: disiembre, dizyembre
  - Spanish: diciembre (see there for further descendants)
⇒ Vulgar Latin: *decembriu
- Northern Gallo-Romance:
  - Franco-Provençal: dècembro
- Ibero-Romance:
  - Old Portuguese: dezembro, dezenbro
    - Galician: decembro
    - Portuguese: dezembro (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings

→ Byzantine Greek: Δεκέμβριος (Dekémbrios)
- Greek: Δεκέμβριο (Dekémvrio), Δεκέμβρης (Dekémvris)
- → Old Church Slavonic: декѧбрь (dekębrĭ)
- → Old East Slavic: декѧбрь (dekębrĭ)
  - Russian: декабрь (dekabrʹ) (see there for further descendants)
- → Aromanian: dechemvriu
- → Romanian: decemvrie
→ Old Armenian: դեկտեմբեր (dektember)
- Armenian: դեկտեմբեր (dektember)
→ Old French: decembre
- Franc-Comtois: décembre
- French: décembre
  - Guianese Creole: désanm
  - Haitian Creole: desanm
  - → Iranian Persian: دسامبر‎ (desâmbr)
- Norman:
  Cotentin: décembe
  Guernsey: décembre
  Jersey: Dézembre
  Sark: dezãb
- Walloon: decimbe
- → Middle English: Decembre
  - English: December, Decembre; Dec., Dec, Dc
    - Bislama: desemba
    - Pitcairn-Norfolk: Disemba
    - Tok Pisin: Desemba
    - → Bengali: ডিসেম্বর (ḍisembrô)
    - → Burmese: ဒီဇင်ဘာ (dijangbha)
    - → Chichewa: Disembala
    - → Dari: دسمبر‎ (desembar)
    - → Dhivehi: ޑިސެމްބަރު‎ (ḍisem̊baru)
    - → Hausa: Disamba
    - → Hawaiian: Kēkēmapa
    - → Hindi: दिसंबर (disambar)
    - → Malay: Disember
    - → Maori: Tīhema
    - → Marathi: डिसेंबर (ḍisembar)
    - → Swahili: Desemba, Disemba
    - → Tokelauan: Tēhema
  - Scots: December
→ Romanian: decembrie
→ Albanian: dhjetor (calque)
→ Cimbrian: sègante maanont (calque)

Unsorted borrowings

These borrowings are ultimately but perhaps not directly from Latin. They are organized into geographical and language family groups, not by etymology.

Africa
- Northern and Horn
  - Amharic: ዲሴምበር (disembär)
  - Kabyle: dujember
  - Somali: Diseembar
- Subsaharan
  - Ewe: Dezember
  - Igbo: Disemba
  - Kongo: desembele
  - Lingala: dɛsɛ́mbɛ
  - Malagasy: Desambra
  - Tumbuka: disembala
  - Wolof: Disembar
Americas
- Greenlandic: decembari
- Inuktitut: ᑎᓯᒻᐳᕆ (tisimpori)
Asia and Oceania
- Central and Western Asia
  - Arabic: دِيسَمْبَر‎ (dīsambar)
  - Georgian: დეკემბერი (deḳemberi)
- South Asia
  - Gujarati: ડિસેમ્બર (ḍisembar)
  - Kannada: ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ (ḍisembar)
  - Oriya: ଡିସେମ୍ବର (ḍisembôrô)
  - Pashto: سامبر‎ (disãmbar), دسمبر‎ (desambar)
  - Sinhalese: දෙසැම්බර් (desæmbar)
  - Tamil: டிசம்பர் (ṭicampar)
  - Telugu: డిసెంబరు (ḍisembaru)
- Southeast Asia and Oceania
  - Balinese: Désémber
  - Banjarese: Disimbir
  - Fijian: Tiseba
  - Gilbertese: Ritembwa
  - Gorontalo: Desember
  - Javanese: Dhésèmber
  - Minangkabau: Desember
  - Samoan: tesema
  - Sundanese: Désémber
  - Tahitian: tītema
Europe
- Hungarian: december
- Baltic
  - Latvian: decembris
  - Livonian: detsembõr
- Germanic
  - Alemannic German: Dezämber
  - Bavarian: Dezemba
  - Cimbrian: disèmber
  - Danish: december
  - Dutch: december
    - Afrikaans: Desember
    - Negerhollands: december
    - → Caribbean Hindustani: desambar
    - → Caribbean Javanese: désèmber
    - → Indonesian: Desember
    - → Papiamentu: desèmber
    - → Trió: risenpë
  - Dutch Low Saxon: december
  - Faroese: desember
  - German: Dezember, December; Dec., Xber; Dez.
    - → Estonian: detsember
    - → Hebrew: דצמבר‎ (detsémber)
  - German Low German: Dezember
  - Icelandic: desember
  - Kölsch: Dezemmber, Dezämber, Dezämmbo
  - Limburgish: dieëtsember, desember
  - Luxembourgish: Dezember
  - North Frisian: deetsember, detsämber
  - Norwegian: desember
  - Pennsylvania German: Dezember, Disember
  - Saterland Frisian: Dezember
  - Swedish: december
  - West Flemish: december
  - West Frisian: desimber
  - Yiddish: דעצעמבער‎ (detsember)
- Slavic
  - Bulgarian: декември (dekemvri)
  - Lower Sorbian: december
  - Macedonian: декември (dekemvri)
  - Rusyn: децембер (december)
  - Serbo-Croatian: decembar / децембар
  - Slovak: december
  - Slovene: december
  - Upper Sorbian: december

Limburgish

Alternative forms

Détsämmber (Eupen)

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin december.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /deˈsæm.bəʀ/
Hyphenation: de‧cem‧ber
Rhymes: -æmbəʀ

Noun

december m

December (month)

Romansch

Alternative forms

dezember (Sutsilvan)

Etymology

From Latin december.

Proper noun

december m

(Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Surmiran, Puter, Vallader) December

Slovak

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdɛt͡sɛmbɛr/

Noun

december m (genitive singular decembra, nominative plural decembre, genitive plural decembrov, declension pattern of stroj)

December

Declension

Declension of december

	singular	plural
nominative	december	decembre
genitive	decembra	decembrov
dative	decembru	decembrom
accusative	december	decembre
locative	decembri	decembroch
instrumental	decembrom	decembrami

Coordinate terms

(Gregorian calendar months) mesiac gregoriánskeho kalendára; január, február, marec, apríl, máj, jún, júl, august, september, október, november, december ^{(Category: sk:Months)}

Derived terms

decembrový

Slovene

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dɛt͡sɛ̀ːmbər/

Noun

decémbər m inan

December

Inflection

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	decêmber
gen. sing.	decêmbra
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	decêmber	decêmbra	decêmbri
genitive (rodȋlnik)	decêmbra	decêmbrov	decêmbrov
dative (dajȃlnik)	decêmbru	decêmbroma	decêmbrom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	decêmber	decêmbra	decêmbre
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	decêmbru	decêmbrih	decêmbrih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	decêmbrom	decêmbroma	decêmbri

Coordinate terms

(Gregorian calendar months) méseci gregorijánskega koledárja; jánuar, fébruar, márec, apríl, máj, júnij, júlij, avgúst, septêmber, október, novêmber, decêmber

Swedish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dɛˈsɛmbɛr/
audio (file)

Noun

december c

December

Synonyms

Christmånad
julmånad
kristmånad

Derived terms

decembermånad
decembermånaden (definite form for december)

december

Danish

Pronunciation

Noun

See also

Dutch

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Descendants

See also

Hungarian

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

See also

Further reading

Latin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Usage notes

Declension

Descendants

See also

Limburgish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Romansch

Alternative forms

Etymology

Proper noun

Slovak

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Coordinate terms

Derived terms

Further reading

Slovene

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

Coordinate terms

Swedish

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms