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单词 dash
释义

dash

See also: Dash

English

Etymology

From Middle English daschen, dassen, from Danish daske (“to slap, strike”), related to Swedish daska (“to smack, slap, spank”), of obscure origin. Compare German tatschen (“to grope, paw”), Old English dwǣsċan (“to quell, put out, destroy, extinguish”). See also adwesch, dush.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dæʃ/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -æʃ

Noun

dash (plural dashes)

  1. (typography) Any of the following symbols: ‒ (figure dash), – (en dash), — (em dash), or ― (horizontal bar).
    1. (computing) A hyphen or minus sign.
  2. (by extension) The longer of the two symbols of Morse code.
  3. A short run, flight.
    When the feds came they did the dash.
  4. A rushing or violent onset.
    • 1987, Ammons, Archie Randolph, “Coming Round”, in Robert Pack, Jay Parini, editors, Introspections: American poets on one of their own poems, Hanover and London: University Press of New England for Middlebury College Press, published 1997, →ISBN, page 18:
      The oar squeaks,
      a dash sound like
      moon-hustle on the river:
  5. Violent strike; a whack.
    • 2018 January 24, “Irrelevant Things”, performed by C1 from LTH:
      They say that I’m way too cold, I never get tired of rappin
      My word is bang where I come from
      Watch be one work is magic
      Do it and dash it
      Smile on MAT
      No way this peng one acting
      Who got whacked and who got slapped
      And who got spared by dashes
  6. A small quantity of a liquid substance etc.; less than 1/8 of a teaspoon.
    Add a dash of vinegar.
  7. (figurative, by extension) A slight admixture.
    There is a dash of craziness in his personality.
  8. Ostentatious vigor.
    Aren't we full of dash this morning?
  9. A dashboard.
    • 1955, Rex Stout, "The Next Witness", in Three Witnesses, October 1994 Bantam edition, →ISBN, page 31:
      The dash clock said 2:38 when […] I turned off a dirt road […] .
  10. (Nigeria, Ghana, Liberia) A bribe or gratuity; a gift.
    • 1992, George B. N. Ayittey, Africa betrayed (page 44)
      The traditional practice of offering gifts or "dash" to chiefs has often been misinterpreted by scholars to provide a cultural explanation for the pervasive incidence of bribery and corruption in modern Africa.
    • 2006, Adiele Eberechukwu Afigbo, The Abolition of the Slave Trade in Southeastern Nigeria, 1885-1950 (page 99)
      Writing in 1924 on a similar situation in Ugep, the political officer, Mr. S. T. Harvey noted: "In the old days there was no specified dowry but merely dashes given to the father-in-law […]
    • 2008, Lizzie Williams, Nigeria: The Bradt Travel Guide (page 84)
      The only other times you'll be asked for a dash is from beggars.
  11. (dated, euphemistic) A stand-in for a censored word, like "Devil" or "damn". (Compare deuce.)
    • 1853, William Makepeace Thackeray, The Newcomes, Chapter VI, serialized in Harper's New Monthly Magazine, (VIII, no. 43, Dec 1853) p. 118
      Sir Thomas looks as if to ask what the dash is that to you! but wanting still to go to India again, and knowing how strong the Newcomes are in Leadenhall Street, he thinks it necessary to be civil to the young cub, and swallows his pride once more into his waistband.
      Comment: Some editions leave this passage out. Of those that include it, some change the 'you!' to 'you?'.
    • 1884, Lord Robert Gower, My Reminiscences, reprinted in "The Evening Lamp", The Christian Union, (29) 22, (May 29, 1884) p. 524
      Who the dash is this person whom none of us know? and what the dash does he do here?
  12. (Internet, informal) The dashboard of a Tumblr user.
    • 2018, anonymous, quoted in Mélanie Bourdaa, "'May We Meet Again': Social Bonds, Activities, and Identities in the #Clexa Fandom", in A Companion to Media Fandom and Fan Studies (ed. Paul Booth), page 392:
      -i hope you find at least one thing on your dash that will make you laugh today.
    • 2018, "notthesameknowledge", quoted in Randall Lake, Recovering Argument, unnumbered page:
      i cannot tell you how happy it makes me when i see my dash filled with selfies from other folks who look like me.
    • 2018, Krista Ritchie & Becca Ritchie, Alphas Like Us, unnumbered page:
      “You wanna know what else is all over my dash? Gifs of you and your boyfriend."
    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:dash.

Hypernyms

  • punctuation mark

Hyponyms

  • See also Thesaurus:dash

Derived terms

  • dashing
  • (typography): em dash, en dash, mutton dash, nine-dash line, nut dash, oblique dash, quotation dash, swung dash, wave dash, wedge-and-dash
  • (dashboard): dashcam, dash cam
other terms derived from the noun (unsorted)
  • 100-meter dash
  • cut a dash
  • dash cherry
  • pebble dashdash-wheel
  • revel-dash
  • trolley dash

Translations

colloquial: hyphen — see hyphen
vigor — see vigor
dashboard — see dashboard

See also

Punctuation

  • apostrophe ( ' ) ( ’ )
  • curly brackets or braces (US) ( { } )
  • square brackets or brackets (US) ( [ ] )
  • colon ( : )
  • comma ( , )
  • dashes ( ‒ ) ( – ) ( — ) ( ― )
  • ellipsis ( … )
  • exclamation mark ( ! )
  • fraction slash ( ⁄ )
  • guillemets ( « » ) ( ‹ › )
  • hyphen ( - ) ( ‐ )
  • interpunct ( · )
  • interrobang (rare) ( ‽ )
  • brackets or parentheses (US, Canada) ( ( ) )
  • full stop or period (US, Canada) ( . )
  • question mark ( ? )
  • quotation marks (formal) ( ‘ ’ ‚ ) ( “ ” „ )
  • quotation marks (informal, computing) ( " ) ( ' )
  • semicolon ( ; )
  • slash or stroke (UK) ( / )
  • space (   )

Verb

dash (third-person singular simple present dashes, present participle dashing, simple past and past participle dashed)

  1. (intransitive) To run quickly or for a short distance.
    He dashed across the field.
    • 1961 November, H. G. Ellison and P. G. Barlow, “Journey through France: Part One”, in Trains Illustrated, page 670:
      As our train to Paris dashed through the labyrynthine flyovers at Porchefontaine, barely a mile from Versailles, the 75 m.p.h. limit was already almost attained.
  2. (intransitive, informal) To leave or depart.
    I have to dash now. See you soon.
  3. (transitive) To destroy by striking (against).
    He dashed the bottle against the bar and turned about to fight.
    • 1865, Henry D[avid] Thoreau, “The Shipwreck”, in [Sophia Thoreau and William Ellery Channing], editors, Cape Cod, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, OCLC 2278570, page 14:
      There were the tawny rocks, like lions couchant, defying the ocean, whose waves incessantly dashed against and scoured them with vast quantities of gravel.
    • 1897, Bram Stoker, chapter XXI, in Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, OCLC 688657546:
      Silence! If you make a sound I shall take him and dash his brains out before your very eyes.
    • 1912 October, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “Tarzan of the Apes”, in The All-Story, New York, N.Y.: Frank A. Munsey Co., OCLC 17392886; republished as chapter IV, in Tarzan of the Apes, New York, N.Y.: A. L. Burt Company, 1914, OCLC 1224185:
      Kala was the youngest mate of a male called Tublat, meaning broken nose, and the child she had seen dashed to death was her first; for she was but nine or ten years old.
  4. (transitive) To throw violently.
    The man was dashed from the vehicle during the accident.
    • 1631, Francis [Bacon], “(please specify |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd edition, London: […] William Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], paragraph 792, OCLC 1044372886:
      If you dash a stone against a stone in the bottom of the water, it maketh a sound.
    • 2018 January 24, “Irrelevant Things”, performed by C1 from LTH:
      They say that I’m way too cold, I never get tired of rappin / My word is bang where I come from / Watch be one work is magic / Do it and dash it / Smile on MAT / No way this peng one acting / Who got whacked and who got slapped / And who got spared by dashes
  5. (transitive, intransitive, sometimes figurative) To sprinkle; to splatter.
    • 1728, James Thomson, “Spring”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, OCLC 642619686:
      On each hand the gushing waters play, / And down the rough cascade white-dashing fall.
    • 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], OCLC 3968433, (please specify |part=prologue or epilogue, or |canto=I to CXXIX):
      The very source and fount of day / Is dash'd with wandering isles of night.
    • 1712 January 11 (Gregorian calendar)​, Joseph Addison; Richard Steele [et al.], “MONDAY, December 31, 1711”, in The Spectator, number 262; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume III, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, OCLC 191120697, page 305:
      [W]hen I draw any faulty character, I consider all those persons to whom the malice of the world may possibly apply it, and take care to dash it with such particular circumstances as may prevent all such ill-natured applications.
  6. (transitive, dated) To mix, reduce, or adulterate, by throwing in something of an inferior quality.
    to dash wine with water
  7. (transitive, of hopes or dreams) To ruin; to destroy.
    Her hopes were dashed when she saw the damage.
    • 2011 September 13, Sam Lyon, “Borussia Dortmund 1 – 1 Arsenal”, in BBC‎:
      Arsenal's hopes of starting their Champions League campaign with an away win were dashed when substitute Ivan Perisic's superb late volley rescued a point for Borussia Dortmund.
  8. (transitive) To dishearten; to sadden.
    Her thoughts were dashed to melancholy.
  9. (transitive, usually with down or off) To complete hastily.
    He dashed down his eggs.
    She dashed off her homework.
  10. (transitive) To draw or write quickly; jot.
    • 1922 October 26, Virginia Woolf, chapter I, in Jacob’s Room, Richmond, London: […] Leonard & Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press, OCLC 19736994; republished London: The Hogarth Press, 1960, OCLC 258624721:
      "Scarborough," Mrs. Flanders wrote on the envelope, and dashed a bold line beneath; it was her native town; the hub of the universe.
    • 2003, Robert Andrews, A Murder of Promise, page 198:
      Going out the door, he grabbed a windbreaker and dashed a note to his father and left it on the entry table.
  11. (transitive, dated, euphemistic) Damn (in forming oaths).
    Dash his impudence! Who is that scoundrel?

Derived terms

  • dash down
  • dash off
  • dash someone's hopes
  • dine and dash
  • gas and dash
  • smash and dash
  • splash-and-dash

Translations

Interjection

dash

  1. (euphemistic) Damn!

Derived terms

  • dash it

Translations

See also

  • hyphen
  • minus sign

Anagrams

  • ADHs, SAHD, Sadh, Shad, dahs, shad

Albanian

Etymology

Potentially from Early Proto-Albanian *dauša, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰows-o-s (compare English deer, Lithuanian daũsos (“upper air; heaven”)).[1]

Noun

dash m (indefinite plural desh, definite singular dashi, definite plural deshtë)

  1. ram (male sheep)

Derived terms

  • Dash
  • Dashnor

References

  1. Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 14

Eastern Ojibwa

Adverb

dash

  1. so, and

References

Jerry Randolph Valentine (2001) Nishnaabemwin Reference Grammar, University of Toronto, page 143

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From English dash.

Noun

dash m (definite singular dashen, indefinite plural dasher, definite plural dashene)

  1. a dash (small amount)
  2. short for dashbord.

References

  • “dash” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From English dash.

Noun

dash m (definite singular dashen, indefinite plural dashar, definite plural dashane)

  1. a dash (small amount)
  2. short for dashbord.

References

  • “dash” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Ojibwe

Alternative forms

  • idash
  • -sh

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /ˈdaʃ/

Adverb

dash

  1. and, and then, then
    Bijiinag ninga-ozhi'aa a'aw bakwezhigan. Mii dash onadinag.
    I'll make the bread later and then knead it.
  2. but

Usage notes

dash comes in the second position in a clause, indicating that one thing happened after another. It can also have a contrastive meaning and then may be translated with but.

Derived terms

  • aaniin dash (“why?”)
  • mii dash (“and then”)

See also

  • aanawi (“although, but”)
  • apii (“then”)
  • gaye (“as for, also”)
  • miinawaa (“and again”)

References

  • The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/main-entry/dash-adv-conj
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