daiļš
Latvian
Alternative forms
- (dialectal form) dails
Etymology
From an old (unattested) adjective *dailus, which yielded two parallel forms, a yo-stem adjective (> standard daiļš) and an o-stem adjective (> dialectal dails), from Proto-Baltic *day- with an extra suffix -l, from the o-grade form of Proto-Indo-European *dey-, *doy- (“to shine brightly, to glitter, to sparkle”). There was some influence in the meaning of this word from a homophonous Proto-Indo-European stem *dey- (“to swing, to sway, to swirl; to rush”), from which the uses of daiļš to mean “quick, industrious, diligent, skilled” (mostly in folk songs or tales). Cognates include Lithuanian dailùs (“pretty, beautiful, lovely, tasteful”), Sanskrit दीद्यति (didyati, “to shine, to glitter, to sparkle”), Ancient Greek δέατο (déato, “was visible, appeared, seemed”), Irish river name Daol, from *doylā (“shining, bright”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [dāīʎʃ]
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Adjective
daiļš (definite daiļais, comparative daiļāks, superlative visdaiļākais, adverb daiļi)
- very beautiful, lovely, exquisite (corresponding to high aesthetic ideals, causng aesthetic pleasure)
- daiļš augums ― beautiful stature, body
- daiļa seja ― lovely, beautiful face
- daiļas rokas ― lovely, beautiful hands
- daiļš zieds ― beautiful, exquisite flower
- daiļais dzimums ― the beautiful, fair sex (i.e., women)
- viss daiļais cilvēka dzīvē ― all (that is) beautiful in human life
- visdaiļāko festivāla meiteni ievēlēs par festivāla skaistuma karalieni ― the most beautiful girl in the festival was chosen as the festival's beauty queen
- beautiful, sublime, with profound meaning
- daiļa dvēsele ― beautiful soul
- veidot dzīvi saskanīgu un daiļu ― to make (one's) life harmonious and beautiful
- (rare, folkloric) industrious, virtuous, good
- daiļa, daiļa tā meitiņa, kas darbiņu čakli veic ― good, good is the girl who does her work diligently
Declension
| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
| nominative (nominatīvs) | daiļš | daiļi | daiļa | daiļas | |||||
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | daiļu | daiļus | daiļu | daiļas | |||||
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | daiļa | daiļu | daiļas | daiļu | |||||
| dative (datīvs) | daiļam | daiļiem | daiļai | daiļām | |||||
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | daiļu | daiļiem | daiļu | daiļām | |||||
| locative (lokatīvs) | daiļā | daiļos | daiļā | daiļās | |||||
| vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Synonyms
- glīts
- grezns
- krāšņs
- skaists
- (colloquial) smuks
Antonyms
- neglīts
Derived terms
- daiļlēkšana
- daiļliteratūra
- daiļums
- (dated term) daiļava
- (poetic term) daile
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “daiļš”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN