-'da
See also: Appendix:Variations of "da"
Maquiritari
Alternative forms
- (allomorphs) -'cha, i- -'da, i- -'cha
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [-ʔda]
Suffix
-'da
- Negates a verb, resulting in a non-finite adverbial form that cannot bear tense, aspect, or mood markers.
- Negates a postposition or adverb.
Usage notes
When this suffix is attached to intransitive verb stems, they do not bear person markers. Consonant-initial stems experience palatalization of their initial consonants, and, if a stem begins with two consonants, this suffix takes the form of a circumfix i- -'da instead of its ordinary shape.
With transitive verb stems, on the other hand, person markers are present and agree with the patient argument of the verb; first- and second-person markers are series I, while the third-person marker is ön- (or one of its allomorphs), which is also found with other negative verb forms.
The suffix form -'cha is found after stems that end in i. This suffix can also cause reduction of the preceding syllable.
References
- Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “-'da”, in Grammaire Fonctionelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon, page 125, 136, 156–157, 199–200, 204–205