d'
See also: ď and Appendix:Variations of "d"
English
Etymology 1
Contraction of the article da ("the").
Article
d'
- Pronunciation spelling of the, representing dialectal English.
- Synonym: da
Etymology 2
Reduction.
Verb
d'
- Contraction of do. (only before "you" or "ye")
- D'you wanna go?
- Contraction of did. (only before "you" or "ye")
- D'you eat yet?
See also
- maitre d' (different etymology)
Asturian
Etymology
Contraction of the preposition de (“of, from”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d/, [d̪]
Preposition
d'
- (before a vowel or a h) Apocopic form of de: of, from
- d’Asturies
- of Asturias
- d’hermanu
- of a brother
- d’Asturies
Bavarian
Etymology
Unstressed form of de.
Article
d' f or pl
- the
See also
Bavarian articles
| m | n | f | pl | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | ||
| definite | nominative | der, da | — | das, es, des | 's | de | d' | de | d' |
| accusative | en, den | 'n | |||||||
| dative | em, dem | 'm | em, dem | 'm | der, da | — | |||
| genitive1 | des | des | der, da | der, da | |||||
| indefinite | nominative | a | — | a | — | a | — | ||
| accusative | an | 'n | |||||||
| dative | am | 'm | am | 'm | a, ana | 'na | |||
1) higher, formal register
Catalan
Etymology
Contraction of the preposition de (“of, from”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d/
Preposition
d'
- (before a vowel or an h) Apocopic form of de: of
- escola d'idiomes ― language school
Dutch
Etymology
Contraction of the article de (“the”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d/
Preposition
d'
- (archaic, poetic, colloquial) Apocopic form of de: the
French
Alternative forms
- d’
Etymology
Contraction of the preposition de (“of, from”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d‿/
Audio (file)
Preposition
d'
- (before a vowel or a mute h) Apocopic form of de: of
- un verre d'eau
- a glass of water
- (informal, after a vowel sound) Apocopic form of de: of
- 2002, Jean-François Pauzé (lyrics and music), “Mon chum Rémi”, in Break Syndical, the s in pas is silent:
- Hé Rémi / fais pas d'conneries / J't'aime ben la face / pis tu m'dois encore cinquante piasses
- Hey Rémi / stop with the nonsense / I really like your face / and you still owe me fifty dollars
-
Further reading
- “de”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [d̪ˠ] (before a word starting with a, o, u, fha, fho, or fhu)
- IPA(key): [dʲ] (before a word starting with e, i, fhe, or fhi)
- (Ulster, colloquial) IPA(key): (prepositions only) /ə j-/[1]
Etymology 1
Prevocalic apocope of do (all senses).
Particle
d’
- (before vowel sounds and fhr-) Apocopic form of do: Marker of the past tense.
- d’ól sé ― he drank
- d’fhág sé ― he waited
- d’fhreagair sé ― he answered
- Used before vowel sounds (including when f has been lenited to fh before a vowel) and also before fr- lenited to fhr-. The variant form used before consonants, do, is generally omitted but may be encountered in Munster Irish and in literary language.
Preposition
d’ (plus dative, triggers lenition)
- (before vowel sounds) Apocopic form of do: to, for
- d’athair Sheáin
- to Seán’s father, for Seán’s father
Determiner
d’
- (before vowel sounds) Apocopic form of do: your (singular)
- d’athair
- your father
Alternative forms
- t’ (Cois Fharraige)
- th’ (Munster)
See also
Irish personal pronouns
| Number | Person (and gender) | Conjunctive (emphatic) | Disjunctive (emphatic) | Possessive determiner |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | First | mé (mise) | mo L m' before vowel sounds | |
| Second | tú (tusa)1 | thú (thusa) | do L d' before vowel sounds | |
| Third masculine | sé (seisean) | é (eisean) | a L | |
| Third feminine | sí (sise) | í (ise) | a H | |
| Third neuter | — | ea | — | |
| Plural | First | muid, sinn (muidne, muide), (sinne) | ár E | |
| Second | sibh (sibhse)1 | bhur E | ||
| Third | siad (siadsan) | iad (iadsan) | a E | |
L Triggers lenition E Triggers eclipsis H Triggers h-prothesis
1 Also used as the vocative
The reflexive is formed by adding féin to the relevant pronoun: e.g. "myself" = mé féin, "yourselves" = sibh féin.Etymology 2
Prevocalic apocopic form of de.
Preposition
d’ (plus dative, triggers lenition)
- (before vowel sounds) Apocopic form of de: from, of
- d’athair Sheáin
- from Seán’s father, of Seán’s father
References
- Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 73
Italian
Etymology
Contraction of the preposition di (“of, from”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d‿/
Preposition
d' (apocopated)
- (sometimes before a vowel or an h) Apocopic form of di: of
- Follia d'amore ― Madness of love.
- Un bicchiere d'acqua. ― A glass of water.
Usage notes
In some rare cases d' represents the preposition da:
- d'ora in poi (“from now on”)
- = da ora in poi
- d'ora in avanti (“from now on”)
- = da ora in avanti
Luxembourgish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d/ (before vowels and voiced consonants)
- IPA(key): /t/ (before voiceless consonants)
- IPA(key): /-/ (sometimes; see usage notes below)
Determiner
d' f or n
- Reduced form of déi
- Reduced form of dat
Usage notes
- This article form is commonly not pronounced between /t/ and another consonant, and occasionally otherwise when the combination of preceding and following consonants creates an impossible cluster. Only rarely is this muteness avoided by using the full form of the article. Rather, the lack of an indefinite article becomes a definite article by default. Occasional ambiguities, particularly in the plural, are tolerated.
Declension
| Luxembourgish definite articles | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | |
| nom./acc. | deen (den) | déi (d') | dat (d') | déi (d') |
| dat. | deem (dem) | där (der) | deem (dem) | deen (den) |
| gen. | der | |||
Middle French
Preposition
d'
- elided form of de
Usage notes
- Earlier manuscripts omit the apostrophe
- despaigne ― of Spain
Norman
Alternative forms
- dé, dg' (Jersey)
- eud (Cauchois)
Etymology
From Old French de, from Latin dē.
Preposition
d'
- of
- from
Occitan
Pronunciation
Audio (Languedocien) (file)
Preposition
d'
- Alternative form of de (before a vowel)
Old French
Preposition
d'
- elided form of de
Usage notes
- Unlike in modern French, de is not always elided to d' before a vowel or a mute h. It is optional.
- The apostrophe is not used in the original manuscripts, but is added by scholars for clarity.
- despaigne ― of Spain
Old Occitan
Preposition
d'
- elided form of de
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d‿/
Preposition
d’
- (used before words beginning in a vowel, archaic except in fixed expressions) Alternative form of de
Derived terms
- d’água
- d’alho
- d’Ávila
- d’ouro
Romagnol
Alternative forms
- 'd
Preposition
d'
- Apocopic form of ad (“of”)
Sassarese
Etymology
Contraction of the preposition di (“of, from”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /d‿/
Preposition
d' (apocopate)
- (before a vowel or an h) Apocopic form of di
Scottish Gaelic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t/ (before a back vowel sound)
- IPA(key): /tʲ/ (before a front vowel sound)
Determiner
d'
- Apocopic form of do
- A bheil fios aig d'athair? ― Does your father know?
- 'Seo d'fhaclair. ― Here’s your dictionary.
See also
Scottish Gaelic possessive determiners
| Singular | Plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| + C | + V | + C | + V | |
| First person | moL | m' | ar | arN |
| Second person | doL | d' | ur | urN |
| Third person m | aL | — | an, am1) | an |
| Third person f | a | aH | ||
| L Triggers lenition; H Triggers H-prothesis; N Triggers eclipsis; 1) Used before b-, f-, m- or p- | ||||
References
- “d'” in R. A. Armstrong, A Gaelic Dictionary, in Two Parts, London, 1825, →OCLC.