cynorthwyo
Welsh
Etymology
From cynhorthwy (“help, aid, assistance”) + -o.
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˌkənɔrˈθʊɨ̯ɔ/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˌkənɔrˈθʊi̯ɔ/
Verb
cynorthwyo (first-person singular present cynorthwyaf)
- to help, to aid, to assist
- Synonym: helpu
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | cynorthwyaf | cynorthwyi | cynorthwya | cynorthwywn | cynorthwywch | cynorthwyant | cynorthwyir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional | cynorthwywn | cynorthwyit | cynorthwyai | cynorthwyem | cynorthwyech | cynorthwyent | cynorthwyid | |
| preterite | cynorthwyais | cynorthwyaist | cynorthwyodd | cynorthwyasom | cynorthwyasoch | cynorthwyasant | cynorthwywyd | |
| pluperfect | cynorthwyaswn | cynorthwyasit | cynorthwyasai | cynorthwyasem | cynorthwyasech | cynorthwyasent | cynorthwyasid, cynorthwyesid | |
| present subjunctive | cynorthwywyf | cynorthwyych | cynorthwyo | cynorthwyom | cynorthwyoch | cynorthwyont | cynorthwyer | |
| imperative | — | cynorthwya | cynorthwyed | cynorthwywn | cynorthwywch | cynorthwyent | cynorthwyer | |
| verbal noun | cynorthwyo | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | cynorthwyedig cynorthwyadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | cynorthwya i, cynorthwyaf i | cynorthwyi di | cynorthwyith o/e/hi, cynorthwyiff e/hi | cynorthwywn ni | cynorthwywch chi | cynorthwyan nhw |
| conditional | cynorthwywn i, cynorthwyswn i | cynorthwyet ti, cynorthwyset ti | cynorthwyai fo/fe/hi, cynorthwysai fo/fe/hi | cynorthwyen ni, cynorthwysen ni | cynorthwyech chi, cynorthwysech chi | cynorthwyen nhw, cynorthwysen nhw |
| preterite | cynorthwyais i, cynorthwyes i | cynorthwyaist ti, cynorthwyest ti | cynorthwyodd o/e/hi | cynorthwyon ni | cynorthwyoch chi | cynorthwyon nhw |
| imperative | — | cynorthwya | — | — | cynorthwywch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms
- cynorthwyydd (“assitant”)
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| cynorthwyo | gynorthwyo | nghynorthwyo | chynorthwyo |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cynorthwyo”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies