cynnwys
Welsh
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin condēnsō.
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈkənʊɨ̯s/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈkənʊi̯s/
Verb
cynnwys (first-person singular present cynhwysaf)
- to contain, include, embrace (often of the intellect), comprehend; to hold, be able to hold, have capacity for; to comprise, consist of; to compress, make compact
- to permit, allow, suffer, tolerate, countenance; to invite, make room for, admit, receive, welcome; to encourage; to support; to adopt
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | cynhwysaf | cynhwysi | cynhwysa | cynhwyswn | cynhwyswch | cynhwysant | cynhwysir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional | cynhwyswn | cynhwysit | cynhwysai | cynhwysem | cynhwysech | cynhwysent | cynhwysid | |
| preterite | cynhwysais | cynhwysaist | cynhwysodd | cynwysasom | cynwysasoch | cynwysasant | cynhwyswyd | |
| pluperfect | cynwysaswn | cynwysasit | cynwysasai | cynwysasem | cynwysasech | cynwysasent | cynwysasid, cynwysesid | |
| present subjunctive | cynhwyswyf | cynhwysych | cynhwyso | cynhwysom | cynhwysoch | cynhwysont | cynhwyser | |
| imperative | — | cynhwysa | cynhwysed | cynhwyswn | cynhwyswch | cynhwysent | cynhwyser | |
| verbal noun | cynnwys | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | cynwysedig cynwysadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | cynhwysa i, cynhwysaf i | cynhwysi di | cynhwysith o/e/hi, cynhwysiff e/hi | cynhwyswn ni | cynhwyswch chi | cynhwysan nhw |
| conditional | cynhwyswn i, cynhwysswn i | cynhwyset ti, cynhwysset ti | cynhwysai fo/fe/hi, cynhwyssai fo/fe/hi | cynhwysen ni, cynhwyssen ni | cynhwysech chi, cynhwyssech chi | cynhwysen nhw, cynhwyssen nhw |
| preterite | cynhwysais i, cynhwyses i | cynhwysaist ti, cynhwysest ti | cynhwysodd o/e/hi | cynhwyson ni | cynhwysoch chi | cynhwyson nhw |
| imperative | — | cynhwysa | — | — | cynhwyswch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
- Alternative verbal adjective: cynwysiedig
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| cynnwys | gynnwys | nghynnwys | chynnwys |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
References
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950-), “cynnwys”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies