Cymreigio
Welsh
Etymology
From Cymreig (“Welsh”) + -io
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kəmˈrei̯ɡjɔ/
Verb
Cymreigio (first-person singular present Cymreigiaf)
- to make (more) Welsh, to Welshify, to cymricise
- 2004 September 1, Elvey MacDonald, BBC Cymru:
- Nid tasg ysgafn oedd golygu'r gyfrol swmpus hon, yn arbennig o gofio bod llawysgrifen JDE yn deilwng o'r meddyg gorau. Nid yw'n syndod, felly, bod gwallau wedi llwyddo i osgoi sylw'r Golygydd hwnt ac yma ... Pan ddywed JDE ei fod wedi cyrraedd adref yn oriau mân y bore ar ôl cael dau 'binchasau', nid sôn y mae am 'fyrbryd' ond am 'punctures' - sef y gair Sbaeneg 'pinchazo' yn ei ffurf luosog, wedi'i Gymreigio a'i dreiglo (sy'n esbonio'r oedi ar y ffordd).
- It was no mean feat editing this weighty tome, especially when one considers that JDE had handwriting worthy of the best of doctors. It is not surprising then, that mistakes had managed to evade the notice of the Editor here and there ... When JDE says he had arrived home in the early hours of the morning having had two 'binchasau', he is not talking about a 'snack' but about 'punctures' - that is to say the Spanish word 'pinchazo' in its plural form, Welshified and mutated (which explains the delay on the way).
- to translate into Welsh
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | Cymreigiaf | Cymreigi | Cymreigia | Cymreigiwn | Cymreigiwch | Cymreigiant | Cymreigir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | Cymreigiwn | Cymreigit | Cymreigiai | Cymreigiem | Cymreigiech | Cymreigient | Cymreigid | |
| preterite | Cymreigiais | Cymreigiaist | Cymreigiodd | Cymreigiasom | Cymreigiasoch | Cymreigiasant | Cymreigiwyd | |
| pluperfect | Cymreigiaswn | Cymreigiasit | Cymreigiasai | Cymreigiasem | Cymreigiasech | Cymreigiasent | Cymreigiasid, Cymreigiesid | |
| present subjunctive | Cymreigiwyf | Cymreigiech | Cymreigio | Cymreigiom | Cymreigioch | Cymreigiont | Cymreigier | |
| imperative | — | Cymreigia | Cymreigied | Cymreigiwn | Cymreigiwch | Cymreigient | Cymreigier | |
| verbal noun | Cymreigio | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | Cymreigiedig Cymreigiadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | Cymreigia i, Cymreigiaf i | Cymreigi di | Cymreigith o/e/hi, Cymreigiff e/hi | Cymreigiwn ni | Cymreigiwch chi | Cymreigian nhw |
| conditional | Cymreigiwn i, Cymreigswn i | Cymreigiet ti, Cymreigset ti | vai fo/fe/hi, Cymreigsai fo/fe/hi | Cymreigien ni, Cymreigsen ni | Cymreigiech chi, Cymreigsech chi | Cymreigien nhw, Cymreigsen nhw |
| preterite | Cymreigiais i, Cymreigies i | Cymreigiaist ti, Cymreigiest ti | Cymreigiodd o/e/hi | Cymreigion ni | Cymreigioch chi | Cymreigion nhw |
| imperative | — | Cymreigia | — | — | Cymreigiwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| Cymreigio | Gymreigio | Nghymreigio | Chymreigio |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
References
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “Cymreigio”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies