cwyno
Welsh
Etymology
From cwyn (“complaint”) + -o.
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈkʊɨ̯nɔ/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈkʊi̯nɔ/
Verb
cwyno (first-person singular present cwynaf) (transitive, intransitive)
- to complain, lament, bemoan; to mourn; to condole with, pity; to complain of illness, be ailing
- to complain of; to grieve on account of, bemoan; to mourn for
- to sue in a law-court, commence a lawsuit, take legal action
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | cwynaf | cwyni | cwyn, cwyna | cwynwn | cwynwch | cwynant | cwynir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional | cwynwn | cwynit | cwynai | cwynem | cwynech | cwynent | cwynid | |
| preterite | cwynais | cwynaist | cwynodd | cwynasom | cwynasoch | cwynasant | cwynwyd | |
| pluperfect | cwynaswn | cwynasit | cwynasai | cwynasem | cwynasech | cwynasent | cwynasid, cwynesid | |
| present subjunctive | cwynwyf | cwynych | cwyno | cwynom | cwynoch | cwynont | cwyner | |
| imperative | — | cwyn, cwyna | cwyned | cwynwn | cwynwch | cwynent | cwyner | |
| verbal noun | cwyno | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | cwynedig | |||||||
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| cwyno | gwyno | nghwyno | chwyno |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
References
- Angharad Fychan and Ann Parry Owen, editors (2014), “cwnaf, cwniaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies