cwila
Zulu
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ǀwiːla/
Verb
-cwila
- (intransitive) to dive
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukucwila | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukucwila | ukungacwili | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | cwila | -cwile | |||||||
Plural | cwilani | -cwileni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyacwila, ngicwila | engicwilayo, engicwila | ngicwila | angicwili | engingacwili | ngingacwili | |||
2nd singular | uyacwila, ucwila | ocwilayo, ocwila | ucwila | awucwili | ongacwili | ungacwili | |||
1st plural | siyacwila, sicwila | esicwilayo, esicwila | sicwila | asicwili | esingacwili | singacwili | |||
2nd plural | niyacwila, nicwila | enicwilayo, enicwila | nicwila | anicwili | eningacwili | ningacwili | |||
Class 1 | uyacwila, ucwila | ocwilayo, ocwila | ecwila | akacwili | ongacwili | engacwili | |||
Class 2 | bayacwila, bacwila | abacwilayo, abacwila | becwila | abacwili | abangacwili | bengacwili | |||
Class 3 | uyacwila, ucwila | ocwilayo, ocwila | ucwila | awucwili | ongacwili | ungacwili | |||
Class 4 | iyacwila, icwila | ecwilayo, ecwila | icwila | ayicwili | engacwili | ingacwili | |||
Class 5 | liyacwila, licwila | elicwilayo, elicwila | licwila | alicwili | elingacwili | lingacwili | |||
Class 6 | ayacwila, acwila | acwilayo, acwila | ecwila | awacwili | angacwili | engacwili | |||
Class 7 | siyacwila, sicwila | esicwilayo, esicwila | sicwila | asicwili | esingacwili | singacwili | |||
Class 8 | ziyacwila, zicwila | ezicwilayo, ezicwila | zicwila | azicwili | ezingacwili | zingacwili | |||
Class 9 | iyacwila, icwila | ecwilayo, ecwila | icwila | ayicwili | engacwili | ingacwili | |||
Class 10 | ziyacwila, zicwila | ezicwilayo, ezicwila | zicwila | azicwili | ezingacwili | zingacwili | |||
Class 11 | luyacwila, lucwila | olucwilayo, olucwila | lucwila | alucwili | olungacwili | lungacwili | |||
Class 14 | buyacwila, bucwila | obucwilayo, obucwila | bucwila | abucwili | obungacwili | bungacwili | |||
Class 15 | kuyacwila, kucwila | okucwilayo, okucwila | kucwila | akucwili | okungacwili | kungacwili | |||
Class 17 | kuyacwila, kucwila | okucwilayo, okucwila | kucwila | akucwili | okungacwili | kungacwili | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngicwilile, ngicwilē | engicwilile, engicwilē | ngicwilile, ngicwilē | angicwilanga | engingacwilanga | ngingacwilanga | |||
2nd singular | ucwilile, ucwilē | ocwilile, ocwilē | ucwilile, ucwilē | awucwilanga | ongacwilanga | ungacwilanga | |||
1st plural | sicwilile, sicwilē | esicwilile, esicwilē | sicwilile, sicwilē | asicwilanga | esingacwilanga | singacwilanga | |||
2nd plural | nicwilile, nicwilē | enicwilile, enicwilē | nicwilile, nicwilē | anicwilanga | eningacwilanga | ningacwilanga | |||
Class 1 | ucwilile, ucwilē | ocwilile, ocwilē | ecwilile, ecwilē | akacwilanga | ongacwilanga | engacwilanga | |||
Class 2 | bacwilile, bacwilē | abacwilile, abacwilē | becwilile, becwilē | abacwilanga | abangacwilanga | bengacwilanga | |||
Class 3 | ucwilile, ucwilē | ocwilile, ocwilē | ucwilile, ucwilē | awucwilanga | ongacwilanga | ungacwilanga | |||
Class 4 | icwilile, icwilē | ecwilile, ecwilē | icwilile, icwilē | ayicwilanga | engacwilanga | ingacwilanga | |||
Class 5 | licwilile, licwilē | elicwilile, elicwilē | licwilile, licwilē | alicwilanga | elingacwilanga | lingacwilanga | |||
Class 6 | acwilile, acwilē | acwilile, acwilē | ecwilile, ecwilē | awacwilanga | angacwilanga | engacwilanga | |||
Class 7 | sicwilile, sicwilē | esicwilile, esicwilē | sicwilile, sicwilē | asicwilanga | esingacwilanga | singacwilanga | |||
Class 8 | zicwilile, zicwilē | ezicwilile, ezicwilē | zicwilile, zicwilē | azicwilanga | ezingacwilanga | zingacwilanga | |||
Class 9 | icwilile, icwilē | ecwilile, ecwilē | icwilile, icwilē | ayicwilanga | engacwilanga | ingacwilanga | |||
Class 10 | zicwilile, zicwilē | ezicwilile, ezicwilē | zicwilile, zicwilē | azicwilanga | ezingacwilanga | zingacwilanga | |||
Class 11 | lucwilile, lucwilē | olucwilile, olucwilē | lucwilile, lucwilē | alucwilanga | olungacwilanga | lungacwilanga | |||
Class 14 | bucwilile, bucwilē | obucwilile, obucwilē | bucwilile, bucwilē | abucwilanga | obungacwilanga | bungacwilanga | |||
Class 15 | kucwilile, kucwilē | okucwilile, okucwilē | kucwilile, kucwilē | akucwilanga | okungacwilanga | kungacwilanga | |||
Class 17 | kucwilile, kucwilē | okucwilile, okucwilē | kucwilile, kucwilē | akucwilanga | okungacwilanga | kungacwilanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngācwila | engācwila | ngācwila | angicwilanga | engingacwilanga | ngingacwilanga | |||
2nd singular | wācwila | owācwila | wācwila | awucwilanga | ongacwilanga | ungacwilanga | |||
1st plural | sācwila | esācwila | sācwila | asicwilanga | esingacwilanga | singacwilanga | |||
2nd plural | nācwila | enācwila | nācwila | anicwilanga | eningacwilanga | ningacwilanga | |||
Class 1 | wācwila | owācwila | ācwila | akacwilanga | ongacwilanga | engacwilanga | |||
Class 2 | bācwila | abācwila | bācwila | abacwilanga | abangacwilanga | bengacwilanga | |||
Class 3 | wācwila | owācwila | wācwila | awucwilanga | ongacwilanga | ungacwilanga | |||
Class 4 | yācwila | eyācwila | yācwila | ayicwilanga | engacwilanga | ingacwilanga | |||
Class 5 | lācwila | elācwila | lācwila | alicwilanga | elingacwilanga | lingacwilanga | |||
Class 6 | ācwila | ācwila | ācwila | awacwilanga | angacwilanga | engacwilanga | |||
Class 7 | sācwila | esācwila | sācwila | asicwilanga | esingacwilanga | singacwilanga | |||
Class 8 | zācwila | ezācwila | zācwila | azicwilanga | ezingacwilanga | zingacwilanga | |||
Class 9 | yācwila | eyācwila | yācwila | ayicwilanga | engacwilanga | ingacwilanga | |||
Class 10 | zācwila | ezācwila | zācwila | azicwilanga | ezingacwilanga | zingacwilanga | |||
Class 11 | lwācwila | olwācwila | lwācwila | alucwilanga | olungacwilanga | lungacwilanga | |||
Class 14 | bācwila | obācwila | bācwila | abucwilanga | obungacwilanga | bungacwilanga | |||
Class 15 | kwācwila | okwācwila | kwācwila | akucwilanga | okungacwilanga | kungacwilanga | |||
Class 17 | kwācwila | okwācwila | kwācwila | akucwilanga | okungacwilanga | kungacwilanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingacwila | — | ngingacwila | ngingecwile | — | ngingecwile | |||
2nd singular | ungacwila | — | ungacwila | ungecwile | — | ungecwile | |||
1st plural | singacwila | — | singacwila | singecwile | — | singecwile | |||
2nd plural | ningacwila | — | ningacwila | ningecwile | — | ningecwile | |||
Class 1 | angacwila | — | engacwila | angecwile | — | engecwile | |||
Class 2 | bangacwila | — | bengacwila | bangecwile | — | bengecwile | |||
Class 3 | ungacwila | — | ungacwila | ungecwile | — | ungecwile | |||
Class 4 | ingacwila | — | ingacwila | ingecwile | — | ingecwile | |||
Class 5 | lingacwila | — | lingacwila | lingecwile | — | lingecwile | |||
Class 6 | angacwila | — | engacwila | angecwile | — | engecwile | |||
Class 7 | singacwila | — | singacwila | singecwile | — | singecwile | |||
Class 8 | zingacwila | — | zingacwila | zingecwile | — | zingecwile | |||
Class 9 | ingacwila | — | ingacwila | ingecwile | — | ingecwile | |||
Class 10 | zingacwila | — | zingacwila | zingecwile | — | zingecwile | |||
Class 11 | lungacwila | — | lungacwila | lungecwile | — | lungecwile | |||
Class 14 | bungacwila | — | bungacwila | bungecwile | — | bungecwile | |||
Class 15 | kungacwila | — | kungacwila | kungecwile | — | kungecwile | |||
Class 17 | kungacwila | — | kungacwila | kungecwile | — | kungecwile | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizocwila | engizocwila | ngizocwila | angizucwila | engingezucwila | ngingezucwila | |||
2nd singular | uzocwila | ozocwila | uzocwila | awuzucwila | ongezucwila | ungezucwila | |||
1st plural | sizocwila | esizocwila | sizocwila | asizucwila | esingezucwila | singezucwila | |||
2nd plural | nizocwila | enizocwila | nizocwila | anizucwila | eningezucwila | ningezucwila | |||
Class 1 | uzocwila | ozocwila | ezocwila | akazucwila | ongezucwila | engezucwila | |||
Class 2 | bazocwila | abazocwila | bezocwila | abazucwila | abangezucwila | bengezucwila | |||
Class 3 | uzocwila | ozocwila | uzocwila | awuzucwila | ongezucwila | ungezucwila | |||
Class 4 | izocwila | ezocwila | izocwila | ayizucwila | engezucwila | ingezucwila | |||
Class 5 | lizocwila | elizocwila | lizocwila | alizucwila | elingezucwila | lingezucwila | |||
Class 6 | azocwila | azocwila | ezocwila | awazucwila | angezucwila | engezucwila | |||
Class 7 | sizocwila | esizocwila | sizocwila | asizucwila | esingezucwila | singezucwila | |||
Class 8 | zizocwila | ezizocwila | zizocwila | azizucwila | ezingezucwila | zingezucwila | |||
Class 9 | izocwila | ezocwila | izocwila | ayizucwila | engezucwila | ingezucwila | |||
Class 10 | zizocwila | ezizocwila | zizocwila | azizucwila | ezingezucwila | zingezucwila | |||
Class 11 | luzocwila | oluzocwila | luzocwila | aluzucwila | olungezucwila | lungezucwila | |||
Class 14 | buzocwila | obuzocwila | buzocwila | abuzucwila | obungezucwila | bungezucwila | |||
Class 15 | kuzocwila | okuzocwila | kuzocwila | akuzucwila | okungezucwila | kungezucwila | |||
Class 17 | kuzocwila | okuzocwila | kuzocwila | akuzucwila | okungezucwila | kungezucwila | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyocwila | engiyocwila | ngiyocwila | angiyucwila | engingeyucwila | ngingeyucwila | |||
2nd singular | uyocwila | oyocwila | uyocwila | awuyucwila | ongeyucwila | ungeyucwila | |||
1st plural | siyocwila | esiyocwila | siyocwila | asiyucwila | esingeyucwila | singeyucwila | |||
2nd plural | niyocwila | eniyocwila | niyocwila | aniyucwila | eningeyucwila | ningeyucwila | |||
Class 1 | uyocwila | oyocwila | eyocwila | akayucwila | ongeyucwila | engeyucwila | |||
Class 2 | bayocwila | abayocwila | beyocwila | abayucwila | abangeyucwila | bengeyucwila | |||
Class 3 | uyocwila | oyocwila | uyocwila | awuyucwila | ongeyucwila | ungeyucwila | |||
Class 4 | iyocwila | eyocwila | iyocwila | ayiyucwila | engeyucwila | ingeyucwila | |||
Class 5 | liyocwila | eliyocwila | liyocwila | aliyucwila | elingeyucwila | lingeyucwila | |||
Class 6 | ayocwila | ayocwila | eyocwila | awayucwila | angeyucwila | engeyucwila | |||
Class 7 | siyocwila | esiyocwila | siyocwila | asiyucwila | esingeyucwila | singeyucwila | |||
Class 8 | ziyocwila | eziyocwila | ziyocwila | aziyucwila | ezingeyucwila | zingeyucwila | |||
Class 9 | iyocwila | eyocwila | iyocwila | ayiyucwila | engeyucwila | ingeyucwila | |||
Class 10 | ziyocwila | eziyocwila | ziyocwila | aziyucwila | ezingeyucwila | zingeyucwila | |||
Class 11 | luyocwila | oluyocwila | luyocwila | aluyucwila | olungeyucwila | lungeyucwila | |||
Class 14 | buyocwila | obuyocwila | buyocwila | abuyucwila | obungeyucwila | bungeyucwila | |||
Class 15 | kuyocwila | okuyocwila | kuyocwila | akuyucwila | okungeyucwila | kungeyucwila | |||
Class 17 | kuyocwila | okuyocwila | kuyocwila | akuyucwila | okungeyucwila | kungeyucwila | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngicwile | ngingacwili | |||||||
2nd singular | ucwile | ungacwili | |||||||
1st plural | sicwile | singacwili | |||||||
2nd plural | nicwile | ningacwili | |||||||
Class 1 | acwile | angacwili | |||||||
Class 2 | bacwile | bangacwili | |||||||
Class 3 | ucwile | ungacwili | |||||||
Class 4 | icwile | ingacwili | |||||||
Class 5 | licwile | lingacwili | |||||||
Class 6 | acwile | angacwili | |||||||
Class 7 | sicwile | singacwili | |||||||
Class 8 | zicwile | zingacwili | |||||||
Class 9 | icwile | ingacwili | |||||||
Class 10 | zicwile | zingacwili | |||||||
Class 11 | lucwile | lungacwili | |||||||
Class 14 | bucwile | bungacwili | |||||||
Class 15 | kucwile | kungacwili | |||||||
Class 17 | kucwile | kungacwili | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngacwila | ngangacwila, angacwila, angangacwila | |||||||
2nd singular | wacwila | wangacwila, awacwila, awangacwila | |||||||
1st plural | sacwila | sangacwila, asacwila, asangacwila | |||||||
2nd plural | nacwila | nangacwila, anacwila, anangacwila | |||||||
Class 1 | wacwila | wangacwila, akacwila, akangacwila | |||||||
Class 2 | bacwila | bangacwila, abacwila, abangacwila | |||||||
Class 3 | wacwila | wangacwila, awacwila, awangacwila | |||||||
Class 4 | yacwila | yangacwila, ayacwila, ayangacwila | |||||||
Class 5 | lacwila | langacwila, alacwila, alangacwila | |||||||
Class 6 | acwila | angacwila, awacwila, awangacwila | |||||||
Class 7 | sacwila | sangacwila, asacwila, asangacwila | |||||||
Class 8 | zacwila | zangacwila, azacwila, azangacwila | |||||||
Class 9 | yacwila | yangacwila, ayacwila, ayangacwila | |||||||
Class 10 | zacwila | zangacwila, azacwila, azangacwila | |||||||
Class 11 | lwacwila | lwangacwila, alwacwila, alwangacwila | |||||||
Class 14 | bacwila | bangacwila, abacwila, abangacwila | |||||||
Class 15 | kwacwila | kwangacwila, akwacwila, akwangacwila | |||||||
Class 17 | kwacwila | kwangacwila, akwacwila, akwangacwila |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “cwila”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “cwila (6.3)”