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单词 custom
释义

custom

English

Etymology

PIE word
*ḱóm
PIE word
*swé

From Middle English custume, borrowed from Anglo-Norman custume, from Old French coustume, from a Vulgar Latin *cōnsuētūmen or *costūmen, from Latin cōnsuētūdinem, accusative singular of cōnsuētūdō (“custom, habit”), from cōnsuēscō (“accustom, habituate”), from con- (“with”) + suēscō (“become used or accustomed to”). First element con- derives from cum, from Old Latin com, from Proto-Italic *kom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with, along”). Second element suēscō is from Proto-Indo-European *swe-dʰh₁-sk-, from *swé (“self”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, set”); related to Latin suus (“one's own, his own”). Displaced native Middle English wune, wone (“custom, habit, practice”) (from Old English wuna (“custom, habit, practice, rite”)), Middle English side, sid (“custom”) (from Old English sidu, sido (“custom, note, manner”)), Middle English cure (“custom, choice, preference”) (from Old English cyre (“choice, choosing, free will”)). Doublet of costume and consuetude.

Adjective form circa 1830.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkʌstəm/
  • Audio (US)(file)

Noun

custom (countable and uncountable, plural customs)

  1. Frequent repetition of the same behavior; way of behavior common to many; ordinary manner; habitual practice; method of doing, living or behaving.
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Acts 16:21:
      And teach customs, which are not lawful for us to receive, neither to observe, being Romans.
    • 1847, Alfred Tennyson, “Part 6”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], OCLC 2024748:
      Moved beyond his custom, Gama said
    • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene iv]:
      A custom
      More honour'd in the breach than the observance.
  2. (UK) Habitual buying of goods; practice of frequenting, as a shop, factory, etc., for making purchases or giving orders; business support.
    • September 28, 1710, Joseph Addison, The Whig Examiner No. 3
      Let him have your custom, but not your votes.
  3. (law) Long-established practice, considered as unwritten law, and resting for authority on long consent. Compare prescription.
    Synonym: usage
    • 1888, Wharton, Francis, A Commentary on the Law of Evidence in Civil Issues, volume 2, third edition, page 188:
      The distinction between custom and usage it that usage is a fact and custom is a law. There can be usage without custom, but not custom without usage.
  4. Traditional beliefs or rituals.
    The Ancient Egyptian culture had many distinctive and interesting beliefs and customs; one custom was the mummification of the dead.
  5. A custom (made-to-order) piece of art, pornography, etc.
    • 2019 May 31, Abella Art & Design, tweet:
      The rest of the necklace holders finally came in! If you bought a custom from me thank you so much for your patience! I’m gonna try my best to crank them out as fast as possible
    • 2020 July 28, "Paying for porn: How much is appropriate?", in Slate Magazine:
      Oftentimes I have trouble finding enough women to buy customs from. Strangely enough, finding women to take hundreds of dollars for a selfie isn’t as easy as you’d think.
  6. (obsolete) Familiar acquaintance; familiarity.
    • c. 1606–1607, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene ii]:
      Age can not wither her, nor custom stale
      Her infinite variety.
  7. (archaic, uncountable) Toll, tax, or tribute.
    • 1769, Bible, Authorised King James Version, Oxford standard text, Romans, xiii, 7:
      Render therefore to all their dues: tribute to whom tribute is due; custom to whom custom; fear to whom fear; honour to whom honour.

Synonyms

  • fashion
  • habit
  • wone
  • practice
  • usage
  • wont

Derived terms

  • custom and practice
  • custom-built
  • custom house
  • grow a custom
  • heir by custom
  • suit custom
  • take one's custom elsewhere
  • Ulster custom

Translations

Adjective

custom (not comparable)

  1. Created under particular specifications, specially to fit one's needs: specialized, unique, custom-made.
    My feet are very large, so I need custom shoes.
  2. Own, personal, not standard or premade.
    We can embroider a wide range of ready designs or a custom logo.
  3. (archaic) Accustomed; usual.

Derived terms

  • custom-made
  • custom-written
  • custom made

Translations

See also

  • Thesaurus:custom-made

Verb

custom (third-person singular simple present customs, present participle customing, simple past and past participle customed)

  1. (transitive, obsolete) To make familiar; to accustom.
    • a. 1771 (written, published posthumously) Thomas Gray, Agrippina
      Have not forgot your sire; the eye of Rome
      And the Prætorian camp have long revered,
      With customed awe the daughter, sister, wife,
      And mother of their Cæsars
  2. (transitive, obsolete) To supply with customers.
    • 1605, Francis Bacon, “The Second Booke”, in The Tvvoo Bookes of Francis Bacon. Of the Proficience and Aduancement of Learning, Diuine and Humane, London: […] [Thomas Purfoot and Thomas Creede] for Henrie Tomes, […], OCLC 932932554, folio 52, recto:
      But yet a man might reply, that if a Shooemaker ſhould haue no Shooes in his Shoppe, but onely worke, as hee is beſpoken, hee ſhould bee weakley cuſtomed.
  3. (transitive, obsolete) To pay the customs of.
    • c. 1589–1590, Christopher Marlo[we], Tho[mas] Heywood, editor, The Famous Tragedy of the Rich Ievv of Malta. […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Nicholas Vavasour, […], published 1633, OCLC 1121318438, Act I:
      Barabas, thy ships are safe,
      Riding in Malta-road; and all the merchants
      With other merchandise are safe arriv'd,
      And have sent me to know whether yourself
      Will come and custom them.
  4. (intransitive, obsolete) To have a custom.
    • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, OCLC 932900760, stanza 7, page 198:
      For on a Bridge he cuſtometh to fight, / Which is but narrow, but exceeding long; / And in the ſame are many trap fals pight, / Through which the rider downe doth fall through ouerſight.
  • consuetude
  • costumal
  • costume
  • customary
  • customer
  • customization
  • customize

Further reading

  • custom in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
  • custom in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911
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