cur

See also: cúr and cûr

English

Etymology

From Middle English kur, curre, of Middle Low German [Term?] or North Germanic origin. Compare Middle Dutch corre (“house dog; watch-dog”), dialectal Swedish kurre (“a dog”). Compare also Old Norse kurra (“to growl; grumble”), Middle Low German korren (“to growl”).

Pronunciation

(Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /kɜː/
(General American) IPA^(key): /kɝ/
Audio (RP) (file)
Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)
Homophone: Kerr

Noun

cur (plural curs)

(dated or humorous) A contemptible or inferior dog.
- c. 1515–1516, published 1568, John Skelton, Againſt venemous tongues enpoyſoned with ſclaunder and falſe detractions &c.:
  A fals double tunge is more fiers and fell
  Then Cerberus the cur couching in the kenel of hel;
  Wherof hereafter, I thinke for to write,
  Of fals double tunges in the diſpite.
- 1613, William Shakespeare; [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene iv]:
  you have many enemies, that know not why they are so, but, like to village-curs, bark when their fellows do.
- 1897, Joseph Conrad, “II”, in An Outpost of Progress:
  Makola, a civilized nigger, was very neat in his person. He threw the soapsuds skilfully over a wretched little yellow cur he had, then turning his face to the agent's house, he shouted from the distance, "All the men gone last night!"
- 1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “chapter 25”, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], OCLC 365836:
  "You have no more spirit than a mongrel cur. You lie down on the ground and ask people to trample on you."
(dated or humorous) A detestable person.
- 1613, William Shakespeare; [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene i]:
  This butcher's cur is venom-mouth'd, and I have not the power to muzzle him.
- 1900, Joseph Conrad, Lord Jim, page vi. 54:
  "Who 's a cur - now - hey?"

Derived terms

curdog

Translations

contemptible dog

Bulgarian: пес (bg) m (pes), помияр (bg) m (pomijar)
Danish: køter (da) c
Dutch: mormel (nl) n
Esperanto: hundaĉo (eo)
Finnish: rakki (fi), piski (fi)
French: clébard (fr) m, corniaud (fr) m, roquet (fr) m, clebs (fr) m
German: Köter (de) m
Greek: κοπρίτης (el) m (koprítis)
Irish: amhsán m, amhsóg f
Macedonian: ла́нгач m (lángač)
Norwegian: kjøter (no) m
Polish: kundel (pl) m
Portuguese: vira-lata (pt) m, rafeiro (pt)
Romanian: javră (ro) f, potaie (ro) f
Russian: дворняга (ru) (dvornjaga), ша́вка (ru) (šávka)
Spanish: chucho (es) m, quiltro (es) (Chile)
Swedish: byracka (sv) c
Yiddish: כּלבֿ‎ m (keylev)

detestable person

Danish: sjover c
Dutch: hondsvot (nl) m
Finnish: lurjus (fi)
French: chien (fr) m, roquet (fr) m
German: Köter (de) m
Greek: κοπρίτης (el) m (koprítis)
Irish: suarachán m, maistín m, draoidín m
Latin: scelestus m
Macedonian: ла́нгач m (lángač)
Middle English: dogge
Russian: ша́вка (ru) (šávka)
Yiddish: כּלבֿ‎ m (keylev)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: ^{(please verify)} ке̑р m, ^{(please verify)} псе̏то n, ^{(please verify)} џу̀кела f
Roman: ^{(please verify)} kȇr (sh) m, ^{(please verify)} psȅto (sh) n, ^{(please verify)} džùkela (sh) f

Anagrams

CRU, Cru, RUC, cru, ruc

Aromanian

Etymology 1

From Latin culus. Compare Romanian cur.

Alternative forms

curu

Noun

cur

(slang, referring to the anus) ass

Etymology 2

From Latin currō. Compare Romanian cure, cur (modern curge, curg).

Alternative forms

curu

Verb

cur

I run.
I flow.

Derived terms

curari / curare

Etymology 3

From Latin cūrō. Compare archaic/regional Romanian cura, cur.

Alternative forms

curu

Verb

cur (past participle curatã)

I clean.

Related terms

curari / curare
curat

Dalmatian

Etymology 1

From Latin cārus.

Alternative forms

cuor, kuor

Adjective

cur m (feminine cuora)

dear, beloved

Etymology 2

From Latin cor. Compare Italian cuore, French coeur, Old Portuguese cor, Old Spanish cuer.

Noun

cur

heart

Irish

Alternative forms

cuir

Pronunciation

(Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /kʊɾˠ/
(Ulster) IPA^(key): /kʌɾˠ/

Noun

cur m (genitive singular as substantive cuir, genitive as verbal noun curtha)

verbal noun of cuir
sowing, planting; tillage
burial
setting, laying
course; round
(of implements) set

Declension

Substantive

Declension of cur

First declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun)

Case	Singular
Nominative	cur
Vocative	a chuir
Genitive	cuir
Dative	cur

Forms with the definite article:

Case	Singular
Nominative	an cur
Genitive	an chuir
Dative	leis an gcur don chur

Verbal noun

Declension of cur

Third declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun)

Case	Singular
Nominative	cur
Vocative	a chur
Genitive	curtha
Dative	cur

Forms with the definite article:

Case	Singular
Nominative	an cur
Genitive	an churtha
Dative	leis an gcur don chur

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
cur	chur	gcur
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Latin

Alternative forms

qūr, quūr, quōr (older spelling)
quur, cor (rare)

Etymology

From Old Latin quūr, quōr, from Proto-Italic *kʷōr, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷōr, having undergone pre-resonant and monosyllabic lengthening from *kʷor (“where”), from *kʷos (“interrogative determiner”) +‎ *-r (“adverbial suffix”). For other Indo-European cognates, compare:

Sanskrit कर्हि (kárhi, “when”), Proto-Germanic *hwar (“where”) < *kʷor
Old English hwǣr (“where”), Old High German hwār (“where”) < *kʷēr
Albanian kur (“when”), Lithuanian kur̃ (“where, whither”), Armenian ուր (ur, “where”) < *kʷur
Norwegian Nynorsk kvar (“where”), Norwegian Nynorsk kor (“where”), Norwegian Bokmål hvor (“where”) < Old Norse hvárr < older hvaðarr < Proto-Germanic *hwaþeraz < Proto-Indo-European *kʷóteros, from *kʷos (“which”)

See also quirquir (“wherever(?)”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /kuːr/, [kuːr]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /kur/, [kur]

Adverb

cūr (not comparable)

why, for what reason, wherefore, to what purpose, from what motive
Cur in terra iaces?
Why are you lying on the ground?
- 19 BC, Vergilius, Aeneis; Book XI, from line 424
  Cur ante tubam tremor occupat artus?
  Why before the trumpet (of war), fear seizes your limbs?

Derived terms

cūr nōn

References

“cur”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
cur in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
cur in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
- how came it that...: quid causae fuit cur...?
“cūr” on page 519/1-2 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)

De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “cūr”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 155-156
Bender, Harold H. (1921), “kur̃”, in A Lithuanian Etymological Index, Princeton: Princeton University Press, page 125

Laz

Numeral

cur

Latin spelling of ჯურ (cur)

Manx

Etymology

A highly suppletive verb with forms derived from two already suppletive verbs.

The imperative and verbal noun forms are from Old Irish cuirid, from older cor, the verbal noun of fo·ceird. The verbal noun is etymologically unrelated to fo·ceird itself however, only arising in its paradigm due to suppletion.
All other forms of the verb are from Old Irish do·beir, itself also a suppletive verb. See also Scottish Gaelic thoir and Irish tabhair.

Verb

cur (verbal noun cur, coyrt)

put
Cur y muc shen magh hoshiaght. ― Put that pig out first.
give

Conjugation

Conjugation of cur

		first		analytical
		singular	plural	analytical
future	independent	verym	vermayd	ver
	dependent	derym	dermayd	der
	relative	verym	vermayd	ver
conditional	independent	verrin	verragh
conditional	dependent	derrin	derragh
past	independent	hug
past	dependent	dug
verbal noun		cur, coyrt
past participle		currit

Derived terms

cur ayns kishtey (“box, crate”, verb)

Mutation

Manx mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
cur	chur	gur
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 cuirid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Megleno-Romanian

Etymology

From Latin culus.

Noun

cur

(slang) asshole (anus)

Middle English

Noun

cur

Alternative form of curre

Middle Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish caur, from Proto-Celtic *karuts.

Noun

cur m (genitive curad, nominative plural curaid)

hero, warrior
- c. 1000, The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig, section 15, published in Irische Teste, vol. 1 (1880), edited by Ernst Windisch:
  Fo chích curad
  crechtaig, cathbuadaig, at comsa mac Findchoeme frim. […] Magen curad,
  cride n-ega, eithre n-ela,
  eirr trén tressa, trethan ágach,
  cain tarb tnúthach.
  Under the breast of the hero
  covered in wounds, victorious in battle, you are the son of Findchoem who is equal to me. […] Dwelling of a hero,
  heart of ice, plumage of a swan
  strong chariot-hero of battle, warlike sea,
  beautiful fierce bull.

Derived terms

curadmír (“warrior’s portion”)

Descendants

Irish: curadh

Mutation

Middle Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
cur	chur	cur pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Romagnol

Noun

cur f pl

plural of cùra

Romanian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kur/
Audio (file)

Etymology 1

From Latin culus, from Proto-Indo-European *kuH-l-, zero-grade without s-mobile form of *(s)kewH- (“to cover”). Compare Italian culo, French cul.

Noun

cur n (plural cururi)

(slang, vulgar, referring to the anus) asshole
O să-mi bag pula în curul tău. ― I'm gonna put my cock in your ass.
Synonyms: anus, dos, fund, popou, șezut

Declension

Declension of cur

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) cur	curul	(niște) cururi	cururile
genitive/dative	(unui) cur	curului	(unor) cururi	cururilor
vocative	curule		cururilor

Derived terms

curist

Verb

cur

first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of cura (to clean)

Scottish Gaelic

Noun

cur m (genitive singular cuir, no plural)

verbal noun of cuir
placing, setting, sending, sowing
laying, pouring
falling of snow, raining
throwing

Derived terms

ath-chur (“transplant”)
eadar-chur (“interjection, interruption”)

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical	Lenition
cur	chur
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

Edward Dwelly (1911), “cur”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “cūr”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 155-156

[2] Bender, Harold H. (1921), “kur̃”, in A Lithuanian Etymological Index, Princeton: Princeton University Press, page 125

cur

English

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Translations

See also

Anagrams

Aromanian

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Noun

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Verb

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Alternative forms

Verb

Related terms

Dalmatian

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Adjective

Etymology 2

Noun

Irish

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Mutation

Further reading

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adverb

Derived terms

References

Laz

Numeral

Manx

Etymology

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

Mutation

References

Megleno-Romanian

Etymology

Noun

Middle English

Noun

Middle Irish

Etymology

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

Mutation

Further reading

Romagnol

Noun

Romanian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Verb

Scottish Gaelic

Noun

Derived terms

Mutation

References