cudo
See also: čudo and чудо
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈkuː.doː/, [ˈkuːd̪oː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈku.do/, [ˈkuːd̪o]
Etymology 1
From Proto-Italic *kūdō, from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to strike, hew, forge”).
Verb
cūdō (present infinitive cūdere, perfect active cūdī, supine cūsum); third conjugation
- I strike, beat, pound, knock
- I stamp, coin (money)
Conjugation
| Conjugation of cūdō (third conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | cūdō | cūdis | cūdit | cūdimus | cūditis | cūdunt |
| imperfect | cūdēbam | cūdēbās | cūdēbat | cūdēbāmus | cūdēbātis | cūdēbant | |
| future | cūdam | cūdēs | cūdet | cūdēmus | cūdētis | cūdent | |
| perfect | cūdī | cūdistī | cūdit | cūdimus | cūdistis | cūdērunt, cūdēre | |
| pluperfect | cūderam | cūderās | cūderat | cūderāmus | cūderātis | cūderant | |
| future perfect | cūderō | cūderis | cūderit | cūderimus | cūderitis | cūderint | |
| passive | present | cūdor | cūderis, cūdere | cūditur | cūdimur | cūdiminī | cūduntur |
| imperfect | cūdēbar | cūdēbāris, cūdēbāre | cūdēbātur | cūdēbāmur | cūdēbāminī | cūdēbantur | |
| future | cūdar | cūdēris, cūdēre | cūdētur | cūdēmur | cūdēminī | cūdentur | |
| perfect | cūsus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | cūsus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | cūsus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | cūdam | cūdās | cūdat | cūdāmus | cūdātis | cūdant |
| imperfect | cūderem | cūderēs | cūderet | cūderēmus | cūderētis | cūderent | |
| perfect | cūderim | cūderīs | cūderit | cūderīmus | cūderītis | cūderint | |
| pluperfect | cūdissem | cūdissēs | cūdisset | cūdissēmus | cūdissētis | cūdissent | |
| passive | present | cūdar | cūdāris, cūdāre | cūdātur | cūdāmur | cūdāminī | cūdantur |
| imperfect | cūderer | cūderēris, cūderēre | cūderētur | cūderēmur | cūderēminī | cūderentur | |
| perfect | cūsus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | cūsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | cūde | — | — | cūdite | — |
| future | — | cūditō | cūditō | — | cūditōte | cūduntō | |
| passive | present | — | cūdere | — | — | cūdiminī | — |
| future | — | cūditor | cūditor | — | — | cūduntor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | cūdere | cūdisse | cūsūrum esse | cūdī | cūsum esse | cūsum īrī | |
| participles | cūdēns | — | cūsūrus | — | cūsus | cūdendus, cūdundus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| cūdendī | cūdendō | cūdendum | cūdendō | cūsum | cūsū | ||
Etymology 2
Unknown, presumably a loanword. Compare Proto-Germanic *hōdaz (“a hood, soft covering for the head”) from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to cover”), Persian خود (xud, “helmet”).
Noun
cūdō m (genitive cūdōnis); third declension (dis legomenon)
- helmet
- c. 100 CE, Silius Italicus, Punica 8.493–494:
- spīcula bīna gerunt. capitī cūdōne ferīnō sat cautum.
- They bear two javelins. The head protected sufficiently by an iron helmet.
- spīcula bīna gerunt. capitī cūdōne ferīnō sat cautum.
- c. 100 CE, Silius Italicus, Punica 16.59–60:
- Scīpiō contorquēns hastam, cūdōne comantīs disiēcit crīnīs.
- Scipio, wielding the spear, drove the long hair asunder from the helmet.
- Scīpiō contorquēns hastam, cūdōne comantīs disiēcit crīnīs.
Declension
Third-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | cūdō | cūdōnēs |
| Genitive | cūdōnis | cūdōnum |
| Dative | cūdōnī | cūdōnibus |
| Accusative | cūdōnem | cūdōnēs |
| Ablative | cūdōne | cūdōnibus |
| Vocative | cūdō | cūdōnēs |
Synonyms
- cassis
References
- “cudo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “cudo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- cudo in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- cudo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Ernout, Alfred; Meillet, Antoine (1985), “cudo”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots (in French), with additions and corrections of Jacques André, 4th edition, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 155
- “cudo”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- cudo in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
- “cudo”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čudo. The current form is a result of mazuration.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈt͡su.dɔ/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -udɔ
- Syllabification: cu‧do
Noun
cudo n (diminutive cudeńko)
- wonder, marvel (something considered amazing)
Declension
Declension of cudo
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | cudo | cuda |
| genitive | cuda | cudów |
| dative | cudu | cudom |
| accusative | cudo | cuda |
| instrumental | cudem | cudami |
| locative | cudzie | cudach |
| vocative | cudo | cuda |
Further reading
- cudo in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- cudo in Polish dictionaries at PWN