cruzar
Portuguese
Etymology
From cruz (“cross”) + -ar.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /kɾuˈza(ʁ)/ [kɾuˈza(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /kɾuˈza(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /kɾuˈza(ʁ)/ [kɾuˈza(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /kɾuˈza(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /kɾuˈzaɾ/
Verb
cruzar (first-person singular present cruzo, first-person singular preterite cruzei, past participle cruzado)
- to cross (all senses)
- Eles cruzaram o rio nadando. ― They swam across the river.
- (reflexive) to intersect
- As linhas paralelas não se cruzam. ― Parallel lines do not intersect each other.
- (reflexive) to meet (cross paths)
- Tom geralmente se cruza com Maria no supermercado. ― Tom often runs into Mary at the supermarket.
Conjugation
Conjugation of cruzar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | cruzar | |||||
Personal | cruzar | cruzares | cruzar | cruzarmos | cruzardes | cruzarem |
Gerund | ||||||
cruzando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | cruzado | cruzados | ||||
Feminine | cruzada | cruzadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | cruzo | cruzas | cruza | cruzamos | cruzais | cruzam |
Imperfect | cruzava | cruzavas | cruzava | cruzávamos | cruzáveis | cruzavam |
Preterite | cruzei | cruzaste | cruzou | cruzamos1, cruzámos2 | cruzastes | cruzaram |
Pluperfect | cruzara | cruzaras | cruzara | cruzáramos | cruzáreis | cruzaram |
Future | cruzarei | cruzarás | cruzará | cruzaremos | cruzareis | cruzarão |
Conditional | ||||||
cruzaria | cruzarias | cruzaria | cruzaríamos | cruzaríeis | cruzariam | |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | cruze | cruzes | cruze | cruzemos | cruzeis | cruzem |
Imperfect | cruzasse | cruzasses | cruzasse | cruzássemos | cruzásseis | cruzassem |
Future | cruzar | cruzares | cruzar | cruzarmos | cruzardes | cruzarem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | cruza | cruze | cruzemos | cruzai | cruzem | |
Negative (não) | não cruzes | não cruze | não cruzemos | não cruzeis | não cruzem |
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Derived terms
- cruzamento
Further reading
- “cruzar” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.
Spanish
Etymology
From cruz + -ar. Compare Portuguese cruzar, French croiser.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (Spain) /kɾuˈθaɾ/ [kɾuˈθaɾ]
- IPA(key): (Latin America) /kɾuˈsaɾ/ [kɾuˈsaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: cru‧zar
Verb
cruzar (first-person singular present cruzo, first-person singular preterite crucé, past participle cruzado)
- to cross (including of legs)
- to exchange (words)
- to fold (arms)
- to crossbreed
Conjugation
Conjugation of cruzar (c-z alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive | cruzar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | cruzando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | cruzado | cruzada | |||||
plural | cruzados | cruzadas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | cruzo | cruzastú cruzásvos | cruza | cruzamos | cruzáis | cruzan | |
imperfect | cruzaba | cruzabas | cruzaba | cruzábamos | cruzabais | cruzaban | |
preterite | crucé | cruzaste | cruzó | cruzamos | cruzasteis | cruzaron | |
future | cruzaré | cruzarás | cruzará | cruzaremos | cruzaréis | cruzarán | |
conditional | cruzaría | cruzarías | cruzaría | cruzaríamos | cruzaríais | cruzarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | cruce | crucestú crucésvos2 | cruce | crucemos | crucéis | crucen | |
imperfect (ra) | cruzara | cruzaras | cruzara | cruzáramos | cruzarais | cruzaran | |
imperfect (se) | cruzase | cruzases | cruzase | cruzásemos | cruzaseis | cruzasen | |
future1 | cruzare | cruzares | cruzare | cruzáremos | cruzareis | cruzaren | |
imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
affirmative | cruzatú cruzávos | cruce | crucemos | cruzad | crucen | ||
negative | no cruces | no cruce | no crucemos | no crucéis | no crucen |
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of cruzar (c-z alternation)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive cruzar | |||||||
dative | cruzarme | cruzarte | cruzarle, cruzarse | cruzarnos | cruzaros | cruzarles, cruzarse | |
accusative | cruzarme | cruzarte | cruzarlo, cruzarla, cruzarse | cruzarnos | cruzaros | cruzarlos, cruzarlas, cruzarse | |
with gerund cruzando | |||||||
dative | cruzándome | cruzándote | cruzándole, cruzándose | cruzándonos | cruzándoos | cruzándoles, cruzándose | |
accusative | cruzándome | cruzándote | cruzándolo, cruzándola, cruzándose | cruzándonos | cruzándoos | cruzándolos, cruzándolas, cruzándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative cruza | |||||||
dative | crúzame | crúzate | crúzale | crúzanos | not used | crúzales | |
accusative | crúzame | crúzate | crúzalo, crúzala | crúzanos | not used | crúzalos, crúzalas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative cruzá | |||||||
dative | cruzame | cruzate | cruzale | cruzanos | not used | cruzales | |
accusative | cruzame | cruzate | cruzalo, cruzala | cruzanos | not used | cruzalos, cruzalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative cruce | |||||||
dative | crúceme | not used | crúcele, crúcese | crúcenos | not used | crúceles | |
accusative | crúceme | not used | crúcelo, crúcela, crúcese | crúcenos | not used | crúcelos, crúcelas | |
with first-person plural imperative crucemos | |||||||
dative | not used | crucémoste | crucémosle | crucémonos | crucémoos | crucémosles | |
accusative | not used | crucémoste | crucémoslo, crucémosla | crucémonos | crucémoos | crucémoslos, crucémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative cruzad | |||||||
dative | cruzadme | not used | cruzadle | cruzadnos | cruzaos | cruzadles | |
accusative | cruzadme | not used | cruzadlo, cruzadla | cruzadnos | cruzaos | cruzadlos, cruzadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative crucen | |||||||
dative | crúcenme | not used | crúcenle | crúcennos | not used | crúcenles, crúcense | |
accusative | crúcenme | not used | crúcenlo, crúcenla | crúcennos | not used | crúcenlos, crúcenlas, crúcense |
Derived terms
- al cruzar de
- cruzar la cara
Related terms
- cruz
Further reading
- “cruzar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014