crucio
Latin
Etymology
From crux (“cross”) + -ō.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈkru.ki.oː/, [ˈkrʊkioː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈkru.t͡ʃi.o/, [ˈkruːt͡ʃio]
Verb
cruciō (present infinitive cruciāre, perfect active cruciāvī, supine cruciātum); first conjugation
- I crucify
- I torture
- Synonym: verberō
Conjugation
| Conjugation of cruciō (first conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | cruciō | cruciās | cruciat | cruciāmus | cruciātis | cruciant |
| imperfect | cruciābam | cruciābās | cruciābat | cruciābāmus | cruciābātis | cruciābant | |
| future | cruciābō | cruciābis | cruciābit | cruciābimus | cruciābitis | cruciābunt | |
| perfect | cruciāvī | cruciāvistī | cruciāvit | cruciāvimus | cruciāvistis | cruciāvērunt, cruciāvēre | |
| pluperfect | cruciāveram | cruciāverās | cruciāverat | cruciāverāmus | cruciāverātis | cruciāverant | |
| future perfect | cruciāverō | cruciāveris | cruciāverit | cruciāverimus | cruciāveritis | cruciāverint | |
| passive | present | crucior | cruciāris, cruciāre | cruciātur | cruciāmur | cruciāminī | cruciantur |
| imperfect | cruciābar | cruciābāris, cruciābāre | cruciābātur | cruciābāmur | cruciābāminī | cruciābantur | |
| future | cruciābor | cruciāberis, cruciābere | cruciābitur | cruciābimur | cruciābiminī | cruciābuntur | |
| perfect | cruciātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | cruciātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | cruciātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | cruciem | cruciēs | cruciet | cruciēmus | cruciētis | crucient |
| imperfect | cruciārem | cruciārēs | cruciāret | cruciārēmus | cruciārētis | cruciārent | |
| perfect | cruciāverim | cruciāverīs | cruciāverit | cruciāverīmus | cruciāverītis | cruciāverint | |
| pluperfect | cruciāvissem | cruciāvissēs | cruciāvisset | cruciāvissēmus | cruciāvissētis | cruciāvissent | |
| passive | present | crucier | cruciēris, cruciēre | cruciētur | cruciēmur | cruciēminī | crucientur |
| imperfect | cruciārer | cruciārēris, cruciārēre | cruciārētur | cruciārēmur | cruciārēminī | cruciārentur | |
| perfect | cruciātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | cruciātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | cruciā | — | — | cruciāte | — |
| future | — | cruciātō | cruciātō | — | cruciātōte | cruciantō | |
| passive | present | — | cruciāre | — | — | cruciāminī | — |
| future | — | cruciātor | cruciātor | — | — | cruciantor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | cruciāre | cruciāvisse | cruciātūrum esse | cruciārī | cruciātum esse | cruciātum īrī | |
| participles | cruciāns | — | cruciātūrus | — | cruciātus | cruciandus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| cruciandī | cruciandō | cruciandum | cruciandō | cruciātum | cruciātū | ||
Derived terms
- cruciābilis
- cruciābilitās
- cruciābiliter
- cruciābundus
- cruciāmen
- cruciāmentum
- cruciātiō
- cruciātor
- cruciātōrius
- cruciātus
- excruciō
References
- “crucio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “crucio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- crucio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to suffer agonies of thirst: siti cruciari, premi
- to feel acute pain: doloribus premi, angi, ardere, cruciari, distineri et divelli
- to suffer torments of expectation, delay: exspectatione torqueri, cruciari
- the pains of torture: cruciatūs tormentorum
- to suffer agonies of thirst: siti cruciari, premi