cruciatus
Latin
Etymology
Perfect passive participle of cruciō.
Participle
cruciātus (feminine cruciāta, neuter cruciātum); first/second-declension participle
- crucified
- tortured
- marked by a cross [from 12th century]
Declension
First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | cruciātus | cruciāta | cruciātum | cruciātī | cruciātae | cruciāta | |
| Genitive | cruciātī | cruciātae | cruciātī | cruciātōrum | cruciātārum | cruciātōrum | |
| Dative | cruciātō | cruciātō | cruciātīs | ||||
| Accusative | cruciātum | cruciātam | cruciātum | cruciātōs | cruciātās | cruciāta | |
| Ablative | cruciātō | cruciātā | cruciātō | cruciātīs | |||
| Vocative | cruciāte | cruciāta | cruciātum | cruciātī | cruciātae | cruciāta | |
Noun
cruciātus m (genitive cruciātūs); fourth declension
- torture (or the instruments of torture)
- Synonyms: exemplum, supplicium
- torment, suffering
- Synonyms: poena, malum
- ruin, calamity, misfortune
- Synonyms: plāga, īnfortūnium, calamitās, cāsus, miseria, vulnus, malum, pestis, nūbēs
- a crusader [from 13th century]
Usage notes
The adjective cruciātus had been used in the sense of "marked with a cross" from the 12th century; as a noun, cruciātus (often spelled with x in Middle Latin, cruxatus, croxatus, etc., also crucesignatus) was used of crusaders by the mid 13th century, from their practice of attaching a cloth cross symbol to their clothing.
Declension
Fourth-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | cruciātus | cruciātūs |
| Genitive | cruciātūs | cruciātuum |
| Dative | cruciātuī | cruciātibus |
| Accusative | cruciātum | cruciātūs |
| Ablative | cruciātū | cruciātibus |
| Vocative | cruciātus | cruciātūs |
Descendants
- English: cruciate
References
- “cruciatus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “cruciatus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- cruciatus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- cruciatus in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
- Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch vol. 2 (1999), s.v. "cruciatus"
- Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange, Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis, éd. augm., Niort : L. Favre, 1883‑1887, t. 2, col. 629a, s.v. "Cruciatæ"