cravacher
French
Etymology
From cravache + -er.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʁa.va.ʃe/
Audio (file)
Verb
cravacher
- (transitive) to quirt, whip (hit with a quirt or whip)
- (intransitive) to pull one's socks up, knuckle down (work hard)
Conjugation
Conjugation of cravacher (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | cravacher | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | cravachant /kʁa.va.ʃɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | cravaché /kʁa.va.ʃe/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | cravache /kʁa.vaʃ/ | cravaches /kʁa.vaʃ/ | cravache /kʁa.vaʃ/ | cravachons /kʁa.va.ʃɔ̃/ | cravachez /kʁa.va.ʃe/ | cravachent /kʁa.vaʃ/ |
imperfect | cravachais /kʁa.va.ʃɛ/ | cravachais /kʁa.va.ʃɛ/ | cravachait /kʁa.va.ʃɛ/ | cravachions /kʁa.va.ʃjɔ̃/ | cravachiez /kʁa.va.ʃje/ | cravachaient /kʁa.va.ʃɛ/ | |
past historic2 | cravachai /kʁa.va.ʃe/ | cravachas /kʁa.va.ʃa/ | cravacha /kʁa.va.ʃa/ | cravachâmes /kʁa.va.ʃam/ | cravachâtes /kʁa.va.ʃat/ | cravachèrent /kʁa.va.ʃɛʁ/ | |
future | cravacherai /kʁa.vaʃ.ʁe/ | cravacheras /kʁa.vaʃ.ʁa/ | cravachera /kʁa.vaʃ.ʁa/ | cravacherons /kʁa.vaʃ.ʁɔ̃/ | cravacherez /kʁa.vaʃ.ʁe/ | cravacheront /kʁa.vaʃ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | cravacherais /kʁa.vaʃ.ʁɛ/ | cravacherais /kʁa.vaʃ.ʁɛ/ | cravacherait /kʁa.vaʃ.ʁɛ/ | cravacherions /kʁa.va.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/ | cravacheriez /kʁa.va.ʃə.ʁje/ | cravacheraient /kʁa.vaʃ.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | cravache /kʁa.vaʃ/ | cravaches /kʁa.vaʃ/ | cravache /kʁa.vaʃ/ | cravachions /kʁa.va.ʃjɔ̃/ | cravachiez /kʁa.va.ʃje/ | cravachent /kʁa.vaʃ/ |
imperfect2 | cravachasse /kʁa.va.ʃas/ | cravachasses /kʁa.va.ʃas/ | cravachât /kʁa.va.ʃa/ | cravachassions /kʁa.va.ʃa.sjɔ̃/ | cravachassiez /kʁa.va.ʃa.sje/ | cravachassent /kʁa.va.ʃas/ | |
(compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | cravache /kʁa.vaʃ/ | — | cravachons /kʁa.va.ʃɔ̃/ | cravachez /kʁa.va.ʃe/ | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Further reading
- “cravacher”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.