crann

crann

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish crann, from Proto-Celtic *kʷresnom.

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /kɾˠaun̪ˠ/
• (Aran, Cois Fharraige) IPA^(key): /kɾˠɑːn̪ˠ/
• (Connemara, Mayo, Ulster) IPA^(key): /kɾˠan̪ˠ/

Noun

crann m (genitive singular crainn, nominative plural crainn)

1. tree
2. pole, stake
3. beam
4. trunk, handle
5. (construction) wood, timber, lumber
6. (nautical) mast
7. crane (device)

Declension

Declension of crann

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative crann crainn Vocative a chrainn a chranna Genitive crainn crann Dative crann crainn

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an crann na crainn Genitive an chrainn na gcrann Dative leis an gcrann don chrann leis na crainn

• Alternative plural forms: crainnte, croinnte (Cois Fharraige)

Derived terms

• brógchrann
• cangarú crainn
• cat crainn
• crann brataí
• crann-chróineolaíocht
• crann cuilinn
• crann deiridh
• cranneolaíocht
• crannfhear
• crann síorghlas
• i gcrann

 

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
crann	chrann	gcrann
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “crann”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “crann”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Entries containing “crann” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
• Entries containing “crann” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

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Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kʷresnom. Cognate to Welsh pren.[1]

Noun

crann n (genitive cruinn)

1. tree
   • c. 760, Blathmac mac Con Brettan, published in "A study of the lexicon of the poems of Blathmac Son of Cú Brettan" (2017; PhD thesis, National University of Ireland Maynooth), edited and with translations by Siobhán Barrett, stanza 64

     To·fich sruth folo – ró tinn – combu derg snob cech óenchruinn.

     A stream of blood gushed forth – too severe – so that the bark of every single tree was red.

   • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 61^b13

     .i. don chrunn fésin is nomen buxum hi sin, ni don torud ⁊ is ainsid neutair.

     The word buxum here is for the tree itself, not for the fruit, and it is an accusative neuter.

2. wood, timber
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 18^b4

     .i. roth cruind forsa ndenat na cerda in lestrai nui ł. cran cruin immua mbiat ocua ndenum.

     i.e. a round wheel on which the potters make the new vessels, or a round piece of wood around which [the potters] are while making [the vessels].

Inflection

Neuter o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	crannN	crannN	crannL, cranna
Vocative	crannN	crannN	crannL, cranna
Accusative	crannN	crannN	crannL, cranna
Genitive	cruinnL	crann	crannN
Dative	crunnL	crannaib	crannaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Middle Irish: crann
  • Irish: crann
  • Manx: croan
  • Scottish Gaelic: crann

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
crann	chrann	crann pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

1. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*kʷresno-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 181

Further reading

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “crann”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

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Scottish Gaelic

Crann (1).

Crann (2).

Crann (3).

Crainn (4).

Tha crann (5) air a'bhratach na h-Alba.

Crann (8).

Etymology

From Middle Irish crann (“tree”), from Old Irish crann. Cognates include Irish crann and Manx croan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʰɾau̯n̪ˠ/
• Hyphenation: crann

Noun

crann m (genitive singular crainn or croinn, plural crainn or croinn)

1. plough
2. mast (of a ship)
3. bar, bolt
4. beam, shaft
5. saltire
6. pole (point of rotation)
7. cran (measure for herring)
8. crane (device for lifting)
9. lot (device for determining luck)
10. (chiefly in compounds) tree

Declension

With the slenderised vowel -ai-:

Declension of crann (type I masculine noun)

Indefinite
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	crann	crainn
Genitive	crainn	chrann
Dative	crann	crainn
Definite
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	(an) crann	(na) crainn
Genitive	(an) chrainn	(nan) crann
Dative	(an) chrann	(na) crainn
Vocative	(a) chrainn	(a) chranna

With the slenderised vowel -oi-:

Declension of crann (type I masculine noun)

Indefinite
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	crann	croinn
Genitive	croinn	chrann
Dative	crann	croinn
Definite
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	(an) crann	(na) croinn
Genitive	(an) chroinn	(nan) crann
Dative	(an) chrann	(na) croinn
Vocative	(a) chroinn	(a) chranna

Derived terms

• crann-cuilinn
• crann-dealain
• crann-deiridh
• crann-gaoithe
• crann-tara

 

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical	Lenition
crann	chrann
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• Edward Dwelly (1911), “crann”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
• Colin Mark (2003), “crann”, in The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 174
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “crann”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language