cramponner
French
Etymology
See crampon.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.ne/
Audio (file)
Verb
cramponner
- (transitive) to attach with, or drive a spike or hook into
- (transitive) to staple, stud (a shoe); attach a crampon, spike, or hook to
- (transitive) to stud or attach calks (to a horseshoe)
- (transitive, by extension) to shoe (a horse or mule) using a studded horseshoe
- (reflexive, with à) to cling onto, attach oneself to (something or someone)
Conjugation
Conjugation of cramponner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | cramponner | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | cramponnant /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | cramponné /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.ne/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | cramponne /kʁɑ̃.pɔn/ | cramponnes /kʁɑ̃.pɔn/ | cramponne /kʁɑ̃.pɔn/ | cramponnons /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.nɔ̃/ | cramponnez /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.ne/ | cramponnent /kʁɑ̃.pɔn/ |
| imperfect | cramponnais /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.nɛ/ | cramponnais /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.nɛ/ | cramponnait /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.nɛ/ | cramponnions /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.njɔ̃/ | cramponniez /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.nje/ | cramponnaient /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | cramponnai /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.ne/ | cramponnas /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.na/ | cramponna /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.na/ | cramponnâmes /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.nam/ | cramponnâtes /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.nat/ | cramponnèrent /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.nɛʁ/ | |
| future | cramponnerai /kʁɑ̃.pɔn.ʁe/ | cramponneras /kʁɑ̃.pɔn.ʁa/ | cramponnera /kʁɑ̃.pɔn.ʁa/ | cramponnerons /kʁɑ̃.pɔn.ʁɔ̃/ | cramponnerez /kʁɑ̃.pɔn.ʁe/ | cramponneront /kʁɑ̃.pɔn.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | cramponnerais /kʁɑ̃.pɔn.ʁɛ/ | cramponnerais /kʁɑ̃.pɔn.ʁɛ/ | cramponnerait /kʁɑ̃.pɔn.ʁɛ/ | cramponnerions /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ | cramponneriez /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.nə.ʁje/ | cramponneraient /kʁɑ̃.pɔn.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | cramponne /kʁɑ̃.pɔn/ | cramponnes /kʁɑ̃.pɔn/ | cramponne /kʁɑ̃.pɔn/ | cramponnions /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.njɔ̃/ | cramponniez /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.nje/ | cramponnent /kʁɑ̃.pɔn/ |
| imperfect2 | cramponnasse /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.nas/ | cramponnasses /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.nas/ | cramponnât /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.na/ | cramponnassions /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.na.sjɔ̃/ | cramponnassiez /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.na.sje/ | cramponnassent /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.nas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | cramponne /kʁɑ̃.pɔn/ | — | cramponnons /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.nɔ̃/ | cramponnez /kʁɑ̃.pɔ.ne/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “cramponner”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.