cramer
See also: Cramer
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Occitan cramar, cremar, from Latin cremāre. Doublet of crémer.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʁa.me/
Audio (file)
Verb
cramer
- (transitive, intransitive) to burn
- (slang) to smoke (a cigarette)
Conjugation
Conjugation of cramer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | cramer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | cramant /kʁa.mɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | cramé /kʁa.me/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | crame /kʁam/ | crames /kʁam/ | crame /kʁam/ | cramons /kʁa.mɔ̃/ | cramez /kʁa.me/ | crament /kʁam/ |
imperfect | cramais /kʁa.mɛ/ | cramais /kʁa.mɛ/ | cramait /kʁa.mɛ/ | cramions /kʁa.mjɔ̃/ | cramiez /kʁa.mje/ | cramaient /kʁa.mɛ/ | |
past historic2 | cramai /kʁa.me/ | cramas /kʁa.ma/ | crama /kʁa.ma/ | cramâmes /kʁa.mam/ | cramâtes /kʁa.mat/ | cramèrent /kʁa.mɛʁ/ | |
future | cramerai /kʁam.ʁe/ | crameras /kʁam.ʁa/ | cramera /kʁam.ʁa/ | cramerons /kʁam.ʁɔ̃/ | cramerez /kʁam.ʁe/ | crameront /kʁam.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | cramerais /kʁam.ʁɛ/ | cramerais /kʁam.ʁɛ/ | cramerait /kʁam.ʁɛ/ | cramerions /kʁa.mə.ʁjɔ̃/ | crameriez /kʁa.mə.ʁje/ | crameraient /kʁam.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | crame /kʁam/ | crames /kʁam/ | crame /kʁam/ | cramions /kʁa.mjɔ̃/ | cramiez /kʁa.mje/ | crament /kʁam/ |
imperfect2 | cramasse /kʁa.mas/ | cramasses /kʁa.mas/ | cramât /kʁa.ma/ | cramassions /kʁa.ma.sjɔ̃/ | cramassiez /kʁa.ma.sje/ | cramassent /kʁa.mas/ | |
(compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | crame /kʁam/ | — | cramons /kʁa.mɔ̃/ | cramez /kʁa.me/ | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Further reading
- “cramer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.