converger
English
Etymology
From converge + -er. The learner sense was coined by educational theorists David A. Kolb and Roger E. Fry in the 1970s.
Noun
converger (plural convergers)
- One who, or that which, converges.
- Antonym: diverger
- (education) A learner who prefers to focus on the practical application of abstract ideas, hence primarily technical subjects.
- Coordinate terms: diverger, assimilator, accommodator
- (chiefly quantum chemistry) An iterative method, especially an iterative ab initio method for solving the electronic Schrödinger equation.
- 2022, Benjamin Helmich-Paris, “A trust-region augmented Hessian implementation for state-specific and state-averaged CASSCF wave functions”, in The Journal of Chemical Physics, volume 156, number 20, DOI:, abstract:
- In this work, we present a one-step second-order converger for state-specific (SS) and state-averaged (SA) complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) wave functions.
-
French
Etymology
From Latin convergō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒe/
Audio (file)
Verb
converger
- (intransitive) to converge
- Antonym: diverger
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written converge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of converger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | converger | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | convergeant /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | convergé /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | converge /kɔ̃.vɛʁʒ/ | converges /kɔ̃.vɛʁʒ/ | converge /kɔ̃.vɛʁʒ/ | convergeons /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒɔ̃/ | convergez /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒe/ | convergent /kɔ̃.vɛʁʒ/ |
| imperfect | convergeais /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒɛ/ | convergeais /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒɛ/ | convergeait /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒɛ/ | convergions /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒjɔ̃/ | convergiez /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒje/ | convergeaient /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | convergeai /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒe/ | convergeas /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒa/ | convergea /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒa/ | convergeâmes /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒam/ | convergeâtes /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒat/ | convergèrent /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | convergerai /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒə.ʁe/ | convergeras /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒə.ʁa/ | convergera /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒə.ʁa/ | convergerons /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒə.ʁɔ̃/ | convergerez /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒə.ʁe/ | convergeront /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | convergerais /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/ | convergerais /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/ | convergerait /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/ | convergerions /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ | convergeriez /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒə.ʁje/ | convergeraient /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | converge /kɔ̃.vɛʁʒ/ | converges /kɔ̃.vɛʁʒ/ | converge /kɔ̃.vɛʁʒ/ | convergions /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒjɔ̃/ | convergiez /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒje/ | convergent /kɔ̃.vɛʁʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | convergeasse /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒas/ | convergeasses /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒas/ | convergeât /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒa/ | convergeassions /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ | convergeassiez /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒa.sje/ | convergeassent /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | converge /kɔ̃.vɛʁʒ/ | — | convergeons /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒɔ̃/ | convergez /kɔ̃.vɛʁ.ʒe/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
- convergence
- convergent
References
- “converger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin convergō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kombeɾˈxeɾ/ [kõm.beɾˈxeɾ]
- Rhymes: -eɾ
- Syllabification: con‧ver‧ger
Verb
converger (first-person singular present converjo, first-person singular preterite convergí, past participle convergido)
- to converge
Conjugation
Conjugation of converger (g-j alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | converger | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | convergiendo | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | convergido | convergida | |||||
| plural | convergidos | convergidas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | converjo | convergestú convergésvos | converge | convergemos | convergéis | convergen | |
| imperfect | convergía | convergías | convergía | convergíamos | convergíais | convergían | |
| preterite | convergí | convergiste | convergió | convergimos | convergisteis | convergieron | |
| future | convergeré | convergerás | convergerá | convergeremos | convergeréis | convergerán | |
| conditional | convergería | convergerías | convergería | convergeríamos | convergeríais | convergerían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | converja | converjastú converjásvos2 | converja | converjamos | converjáis | converjan | |
| imperfect (ra) | convergiera | convergieras | convergiera | convergiéramos | convergierais | convergieran | |
| imperfect (se) | convergiese | convergieses | convergiese | convergiésemos | convergieseis | convergiesen | |
| future1 | convergiere | convergieres | convergiere | convergiéremos | convergiereis | convergieren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | convergetú convergévos | converja | converjamos | converged | converjan | ||
| negative | no converjas | no converja | no converjamos | no converjáis | no converjan | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of converger (g-j alternation)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive converger | |||||||
| dative | convergerme | convergerte | convergerle, convergerse | convergernos | convergeros | convergerles, convergerse | |
| accusative | convergerme | convergerte | convergerlo, convergerla, convergerse | convergernos | convergeros | convergerlos, convergerlas, convergerse | |
| with gerund convergiendo | |||||||
| dative | convergiéndome | convergiéndote | convergiéndole, convergiéndose | convergiéndonos | convergiéndoos | convergiéndoles, convergiéndose | |
| accusative | convergiéndome | convergiéndote | convergiéndolo, convergiéndola, convergiéndose | convergiéndonos | convergiéndoos | convergiéndolos, convergiéndolas, convergiéndose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative converge | |||||||
| dative | convérgeme | convérgete | convérgele | convérgenos | not used | convérgeles | |
| accusative | convérgeme | convérgete | convérgelo, convérgela | convérgenos | not used | convérgelos, convérgelas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative convergé | |||||||
| dative | convergeme | convergete | convergele | convergenos | not used | convergeles | |
| accusative | convergeme | convergete | convergelo, convergela | convergenos | not used | convergelos, convergelas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative converja | |||||||
| dative | convérjame | not used | convérjale, convérjase | convérjanos | not used | convérjales | |
| accusative | convérjame | not used | convérjalo, convérjala, convérjase | convérjanos | not used | convérjalos, convérjalas | |
| with first-person plural imperative converjamos | |||||||
| dative | not used | converjámoste | converjámosle | converjámonos | converjámoos | converjámosles | |
| accusative | not used | converjámoste | converjámoslo, converjámosla | converjámonos | converjámoos | converjámoslos, converjámoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative converged | |||||||
| dative | convergedme | not used | convergedle | convergednos | convergeos | convergedles | |
| accusative | convergedme | not used | convergedlo, convergedla | convergednos | convergeos | convergedlos, convergedlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative converjan | |||||||
| dative | convérjanme | not used | convérjanle | convérjannos | not used | convérjanles, convérjanse | |
| accusative | convérjanme | not used | convérjanlo, convérjanla | convérjannos | not used | convérjanlos, convérjanlas, convérjanse | |
Related terms
- convergencia
- convergente
Further reading
- “converger”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014