consulo
Latin
Etymology
con- + a derivation of Proto-Indo-European *selh₁- (“to take, grab”).[1] Compare with cōnsul and cōnsilium. Cognate with English sell, sale.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈkon.su.loː/, [ˈkõːs̠ʊɫ̪oː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈkon.su.lo/, [ˈkɔnsulo]
Verb
cōnsulō (present infinitive cōnsulere, perfect active cōnsuluī, supine cōnsultum); third conjugation
- (transitive) I consult, seek counsel from, take counsel from.
- Synonyms: cōnsultō, dēlīberō
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita libri 26.1:
- Cn. Fuluius Centumalus P. Sulpicius Galba consules cum idibus Martiis magistratum inissent, senatu in Capitolium uocato, de re publica, de administratione belli, de prouinciis exercitibusque patres consuluerunt.
- When the consuls Gnaeus Fulvius Centumalus and Publius Sulpicius Galba took up the magistracy on the Ides of March, they summoned the senate to the Capitoline Hill and consulted the senators on issues regarding the state, the handling of the war, the provinces and the armies.
- Cn. Fuluius Centumalus P. Sulpicius Galba consules cum idibus Martiis magistratum inissent, senatu in Capitolium uocato, de re publica, de administratione belli, de prouinciis exercitibusque patres consuluerunt.
- I deliberate.
- (transitive, intransitive, followed by the accusative or with de) I reflect upon, deliberate over, think (something) over.
- Synonyms: reflectō, ponderō, dēlīberō, putō, pendō, cōnsīderō, reputō, replicō, dubitō, cōnsultō, circumspiciō, videō, versō
- I give thought to, have regard for.
- (transitive, followed by the dative) I look after the interests of, take care of (someone).
- Synonyms: cūrō, accūrō, prōcūrō, cū̆stōdiō, servō, videō, respiciō, colō, cōnsultō, caveō, serviō
- Legati ad eum venissent oratum ut sibi ignosceret suaeque vitae consuleret ― Ambassadors came to him to beg that he would pardon them and take care of their lives (Caesar, de Bello Gallico, VII, 12)
- ut suis fortunis consulat ― in order that he might take care of their properties (Caesar, de Bello Gallico, VII, 8)
- (transitive, followed by the dative) I am mindful of, pay attention to (someone's safety, life; dignity, reputation, etc.)
Conjugation
| Conjugation of cōnsulō (third conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | cōnsulō | cōnsulis | cōnsulit | cōnsulimus | cōnsulitis | cōnsulunt |
| imperfect | cōnsulēbam | cōnsulēbās | cōnsulēbat | cōnsulēbāmus | cōnsulēbātis | cōnsulēbant | |
| future | cōnsulam | cōnsulēs | cōnsulet | cōnsulēmus | cōnsulētis | cōnsulent | |
| perfect | cōnsuluī | cōnsuluistī | cōnsuluit | cōnsuluimus | cōnsuluistis | cōnsuluērunt, cōnsuluēre | |
| pluperfect | cōnsulueram | cōnsuluerās | cōnsuluerat | cōnsuluerāmus | cōnsuluerātis | cōnsuluerant | |
| future perfect | cōnsuluerō | cōnsulueris | cōnsuluerit | cōnsuluerimus | cōnsulueritis | cōnsuluerint | |
| passive | present | cōnsulor | cōnsuleris, cōnsulere | cōnsulitur | cōnsulimur | cōnsuliminī | cōnsuluntur |
| imperfect | cōnsulēbar | cōnsulēbāris, cōnsulēbāre | cōnsulēbātur | cōnsulēbāmur | cōnsulēbāminī | cōnsulēbantur | |
| future | cōnsular | cōnsulēris, cōnsulēre | cōnsulētur | cōnsulēmur | cōnsulēminī | cōnsulentur | |
| perfect | cōnsultus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | cōnsultus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | cōnsultus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | cōnsulam | cōnsulās | cōnsulat | cōnsulāmus | cōnsulātis | cōnsulant |
| imperfect | cōnsulerem | cōnsulerēs | cōnsuleret | cōnsulerēmus | cōnsulerētis | cōnsulerent | |
| perfect | cōnsuluerim | cōnsuluerīs | cōnsuluerit | cōnsuluerīmus | cōnsuluerītis | cōnsuluerint | |
| pluperfect | cōnsuluissem | cōnsuluissēs | cōnsuluisset | cōnsuluissēmus | cōnsuluissētis | cōnsuluissent | |
| passive | present | cōnsular | cōnsulāris, cōnsulāre | cōnsulātur | cōnsulāmur | cōnsulāminī | cōnsulantur |
| imperfect | cōnsulerer | cōnsulerēris, cōnsulerēre | cōnsulerētur | cōnsulerēmur | cōnsulerēminī | cōnsulerentur | |
| perfect | cōnsultus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | cōnsultus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | cōnsule | — | — | cōnsulite | — |
| future | — | cōnsulitō | cōnsulitō | — | cōnsulitōte | cōnsuluntō | |
| passive | present | — | cōnsulere | — | — | cōnsuliminī | — |
| future | — | cōnsulitor | cōnsulitor | — | — | cōnsuluntor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | cōnsulere | cōnsuluisse | cōnsultūrum esse | cōnsulī | cōnsultum esse | cōnsultum īrī | |
| participles | cōnsulēns | — | cōnsultūrus | — | cōnsultus | cōnsulendus, cōnsulundus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| cōnsulendī | cōnsulendō | cōnsulendum | cōnsulendō | cōnsultum | cōnsultū | ||
Derived terms
- cōnsultō
- cōnsultor
- cōnsultus
Descendants
- English: counsel
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “consulo”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 131
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 899
- “consulo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “consulo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- consulo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to take care of one's health: valetudini consulere, operam dare
- to take measures for one's safety; to look after one's own interests: saluti suae consulere, prospicere
- to take measures for one's safety; to look after one's own interests: suis rebus or sibi consulere
- to look after, guard a person's interests, welfare: rationibus alicuius prospicere or consulere (opp. officere, obstare, adversari)
- to have regard for one's good name: famae servire, consulere
- to consult an oracle: oraculum consulere
- to consult the Sibylline books: libros Sibyllinos adire, consulere, inspicere
- to further the public interests: rei publicae rationibus or simply rei publicae consulere
- to be careful of one's dignity: dignitati suae servire, consulere
- to consult the senators on a matter: patres (senatum) consulere de aliqua re (Sall. Iug. 28)
- to deal severely with a person: graviter consulere in aliquem (Liv. 8. 13)
- (ambiguous) the augurs announce an unfavourable sign: augures obnuntiant (consuli) (Phil. 2. 33. 83)
- (ambiguous) let the consuls take measures for the protection of the state: videant or dent operam consules, ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat (Catil. 1. 2. 4)
- (ambiguous) to go to Cilicia as pro-consul: pro consule in Ciliciam proficisci
- to take care of one's health: valetudini consulere, operam dare