constringir
Portuguese
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin cōnstringere (“to tie up”). Doublet of constranger.
Verb
constringir (first-person singular present constrinjo, first-person singular preterite constringi, past participle constringido)
- (transitive) to constrict with a loop around something
- (transitive, figuratively) to constrict; to limit or restrict
Conjugation
Conjugation of constringir (g-j alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | constringir | |||||
Personal | constringir | constringires | constringir | constringirmos | constringirdes | constringirem |
Gerund | ||||||
constringindo | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | constringido | constringidos | ||||
Feminine | constringida | constringidas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | constrinjo | constringes | constringe | constringimos | constringis | constringem |
Imperfect | constringia | constringias | constringia | constringíamos | constringíeis | constringiam |
Preterite | constringi | constringiste | constringiu | constringimos | constringistes | constringiram |
Pluperfect | constringira | constringiras | constringira | constringíramos | constringíreis | constringiram |
Future | constringirei | constringirás | constringirá | constringiremos | constringireis | constringirão |
Conditional | ||||||
constringiria | constringirias | constringiria | constringiríamos | constringiríeis | constringiriam | |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | constrinja | constrinjas | constrinja | constrinjamos | constrinjais | constrinjam |
Imperfect | constringisse | constringisses | constringisse | constringíssemos | constringísseis | constringissem |
Future | constringir | constringires | constringir | constringirmos | constringirdes | constringirem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | constringe | constrinja | constrinjamos | constringi | constrinjam | |
Negative (não) | não constrinjas | não constrinja | não constrinjamos | não constrinjais | não constrinjam |
Spanish
Verb
constringir (first-person singular present constrinjo, first-person singular preterite constringí, past participle constringido)
- Obsolete spelling of constreñir
Conjugation
Conjugation of constringir (g-j alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive | constringir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | constringiendo | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | constringido | constringida | |||||
plural | constringidos | constringidas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | constrinjo | constringestú constringísvos | constringe | constringimos | constringís | constringen | |
imperfect | constringía | constringías | constringía | constringíamos | constringíais | constringían | |
preterite | constringí | constringiste | constringió | constringimos | constringisteis | constringieron | |
future | constringiré | constringirás | constringirá | constringiremos | constringiréis | constringirán | |
conditional | constringiría | constringirías | constringiría | constringiríamos | constringiríais | constringirían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | constrinja | constrinjastú constrinjásvos2 | constrinja | constrinjamos | constrinjáis | constrinjan | |
imperfect (ra) | constringiera | constringieras | constringiera | constringiéramos | constringierais | constringieran | |
imperfect (se) | constringiese | constringieses | constringiese | constringiésemos | constringieseis | constringiesen | |
future1 | constringiere | constringieres | constringiere | constringiéremos | constringiereis | constringieren | |
imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
affirmative | constringetú constringívos | constrinja | constrinjamos | constringid | constrinjan | ||
negative | no constrinjas | no constrinja | no constrinjamos | no constrinjáis | no constrinjan |
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of constringir (g-j alternation)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive constringir | |||||||
dative | constringirme | constringirte | constringirle, constringirse | constringirnos | constringiros | constringirles, constringirse | |
accusative | constringirme | constringirte | constringirlo, constringirla, constringirse | constringirnos | constringiros | constringirlos, constringirlas, constringirse | |
with gerund constringiendo | |||||||
dative | constringiéndome | constringiéndote | constringiéndole, constringiéndose | constringiéndonos | constringiéndoos | constringiéndoles, constringiéndose | |
accusative | constringiéndome | constringiéndote | constringiéndolo, constringiéndola, constringiéndose | constringiéndonos | constringiéndoos | constringiéndolos, constringiéndolas, constringiéndose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative constringe | |||||||
dative | constríngeme | constríngete | constríngele | constríngenos | not used | constríngeles | |
accusative | constríngeme | constríngete | constríngelo, constríngela | constríngenos | not used | constríngelos, constríngelas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative constringí | |||||||
dative | constringime | constringite | constringile | constringinos | not used | constringiles | |
accusative | constringime | constringite | constringilo, constringila | constringinos | not used | constringilos, constringilas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative constrinja | |||||||
dative | constrínjame | not used | constrínjale, constrínjase | constrínjanos | not used | constrínjales | |
accusative | constrínjame | not used | constrínjalo, constrínjala, constrínjase | constrínjanos | not used | constrínjalos, constrínjalas | |
with first-person plural imperative constrinjamos | |||||||
dative | not used | constrinjámoste | constrinjámosle | constrinjámonos | constrinjámoos | constrinjámosles | |
accusative | not used | constrinjámoste | constrinjámoslo, constrinjámosla | constrinjámonos | constrinjámoos | constrinjámoslos, constrinjámoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative constringid | |||||||
dative | constringidme | not used | constringidle | constringidnos | constringíos | constringidles | |
accusative | constringidme | not used | constringidlo, constringidla | constringidnos | constringíos | constringidlos, constringidlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative constrinjan | |||||||
dative | constrínjanme | not used | constrínjanle | constrínjannos | not used | constrínjanles, constrínjanse | |
accusative | constrínjanme | not used | constrínjanlo, constrínjanla | constrínjannos | not used | constrínjanlos, constrínjanlas, constrínjanse |
Further reading
- “constringir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014