abakus

abakus

See also: Abakus and abaküs

Czech

Alternative forms

• abak

Etymology

From Latin abacus, abax (“sideboard or table with a slab at the top; slab at the top of a column; counting board, sand table; board for playing games”) (compare Late Latin abacus (“art of arithmetic”)), from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax, “counting board; board covered with sand for drawing; plate; dice-board”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈabakus]

Noun

abakus m inan

1. abacus (a calculating table or frame)

   Synonym: počitadlo

2. abacus (the uppermost portion of the capital of a column)

Declension

Declension of abakus

	singular	plural
nominative	abakus	abaky
genitive	abaku	abaků
dative	abaku	abakům
accusative	abakus	abaky
vocative	abaku	abaky
locative	abaku	abacích
instrumental	abakem	abaky

Further reading

• abakus in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu
• abakus in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
• abakus in Akademický slovník cizích slov, 1995, at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz

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Finnish

Etymology

Internationalism (see English abacus), ultimately from Latin abacus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑbɑkus/, [ˈɑbɑkus̠]
• Rhymes: -ɑbɑkus
• Syllabification^(key): a‧ba‧kus

Noun

abakus

1. (mathematics, rare) abacus (a calculating frame)

   Synonyms: helmitaulu, laskulauta, laskutaulu

2. (architecture) abacus (the uppermost portion of the capital of a column)

   Synonym: katelaatta

Declension

Inflection of abakus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
nominative		abakus	abakukset
genitive		abakuksen	abakusten abakuksien
partitive		abakusta	abakuksia
illative		abakukseen	abakuksiin
		singular	plural
nominative		abakus	abakukset
accusative	nom.	abakus	abakukset
	gen.	abakuksen
genitive		abakuksen	abakusten abakuksien
partitive		abakusta	abakuksia
inessive		abakuksessa	abakuksissa
elative		abakuksesta	abakuksista
illative		abakukseen	abakuksiin
adessive		abakuksella	abakuksilla
ablative		abakukselta	abakuksilta
allative		abakukselle	abakuksille
essive		abakuksena	abakuksina
translative		abakukseksi	abakuksiksi
instructive		—	abakuksin
abessive		abakuksetta	abakuksitta
comitative		—	abakuksineen

Possessive forms of abakus (type vastaus)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	abakukseni	abakuksemme
2nd person	abakuksesi	abakuksenne
3rd person	abakuksensa

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Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch abacus, from Latin abacus, abax; from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax, “board covered with sand”), possibly from a Semitic source; compare Hebrew אָבָק‎ (avák, “dust”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈaba.kʊs]
• Hyphenation: aba‧kus

Noun

abakus (first-person possessive abakusku, second-person possessive abakusmu, third-person possessive abakusnya)

1. abacus:
   1. calculating frame

      Synonyms: dekak-dekak, swipoa

      Synonym: sempoa (Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore)

   2. (architecture) the uppermost portion of the capital of a column. [from 1970s]

Proper noun

abakus

1. a global distribution system

Further reading

• “abakus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

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Latvian

Noun

abakus m

1. accusative plural form of abaks

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Malay

abakus

Alternative forms

• اباکوس‎

Etymology

From English abacus, from Latin abacus, abax; from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax, “board covered with sand”), possibly from Hebrew אָבָק‎ (avák, “dust”).

Pronunciation

• (Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /abakos/
• (Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /abakʊs/
• Rhymes: -akos, -kos, -os

Noun

abakus (Jawi spelling اباکوس)

1. abacus (calculating frame)

Synonyms

• dekak-dekak / دکق٢‎
• sempoa / sepua / cepua / سمڤوا‎ / سڤوا‎ / چڤوا‎

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Norwegian Bokmål

A Chinese-style abacus with beads sliding on rods

An abacus is the uppermost portion of the capital of a column immediately under the architrave

Etymology

From Latin abacus, abax (“sideboard or table with a slab at the top; slab at the top of a column; counting board, sand table; board for playing games”), from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax, “counting board; board covered with sand for drawing; plate; dice-board”), possibly from a Semitic source, such as Phoenician -𐤀‬𐤁𐤀‬𐤒‎ (-ʾ‬bʾ‬q) or Hebrew אָבָק‎ (avák, “dust”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑːbakʉs/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʉs
• Hyphenation: a‧ba‧kus

Noun

abakus m (definite singular abakusen, indefinite plural abakuser, definite plural abakusene)

1. (mathematics) abacus (an instrument used for performing arithmetical calculations, with beads sliding on rods, or counters in grooves, with one row of beads or counters representing units)
   • 2011 March 11, Aftenposten, page 8:

     en abakus, eller kuleramme, er en tidlig forløper til dagens kalkulator. Den første ble utviklet i Mesopotamia over 2000 år f. Kr.

     An abacus, or abacus, is an early precursor to today's calculator. The first was developed in Mesopotamia over 2000 BC.

   Abakus er nok en fortsettelse av tidligere tiders fingertelling eller daktylonomi

   Abacus is another continuation of the finger counting or dactylonomy of earlier times

   Synonym: kuleramme

2. (architecture, art) abacus (the uppermost portion of the capital of a column immediately under the architrave)
   • 1902, Lorentz Dietrichson, Omrids af den kirkelige Kunstarkæologi, page 34:

     den korinthiske [søyle], hvis abacus, bøiet og med afskaarne hjørner, bar en liden roset paa hver sides midte

     the Corinthian [pillar], whose abacus, bent and with truncated corners, bore a small rosette in the middle of each side

   Abakus er den øvre, plateformete delen av kapitélet på en søyle, som benyttes som opplagringspunkt for bjelker.

   The abacus is the upper, plate-shaped part of the capital of a pillar, which is used as a storage point for beams.

Derived terms

• abasist (“abacist”)

References

• “abakus” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
• “abakus” in Store norske leksikon
• “abakus (matematikk)” in Store norske leksikon

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin abacus.

Noun

abakus m (definite singular abakusen, indefinite plural abakusar, definite plural abakusane)

1. abacus (a counting frame)

   Synonym: kuleramme

2. (architecture) abacus (the uppermost portion of the capital of a column)

References

• See Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia (links above)

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Polish

abakus (1)

abakus (2)

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin abacus,[1] from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax).[2]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aˈba.kus/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -akus
• Syllabification: a‧ba‧kus

Noun

abakus m inan

1. abacus (a counting frame)

   Synonym: abak

2. (architecture) abacus (the uppermost portion of the capital of a column)

   spoczywać na abakusie ― to rest on an abacus

Declension

Declension of abakus

	singular	plural
nominative	abakus	abakusy
genitive	abakusu	abakusów
dative	abakusowi	abakusom
accusative	abakus	abakusy
instrumental	abakusem	abakusami
locative	abakusie	abakusach
vocative	abakusie	abakusy

References

1. Mirosław Bańko; Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
2. Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “abakus”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN

• Pęzik, Piotr; Przepiórkowski, A.; Bańko, M.; Górski, R.; Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B (2012) Wyszukiwarka PELCRA dla danych NKJP. Narodowy Korpus Języka Polskiego [National Polish Language Corpus, PELCRA search engine]‎, Wydawnictwo PWN

Further reading

• abakus in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• abakus in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “abakus”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “abakus”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 1

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Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• àbak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ǎbakus/
• Hyphenation: a‧ba‧kus

Noun

àbakus m (Cyrillic spelling а̀бакус)

1. abacus

Declension

Declension of abakus

	singular	plural
nominative	abakus	abakusi
genitive	abakusa	abakusa
dative	abakusu	abakusima
accusative	abakus	abakuse
vocative	abakusu	abakusi
locative	abakusu	abakusima
instrumental	abakusom	abakusima

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Slovak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈabakus]

Noun

abakus m (genitive singular abakusu, nominative plural abakusy, genitive plural abakusov, declension pattern of dub)

1. abacus (a calculating table or frame)

   Synonym: počítadlo

2. abacus (the uppermost portion of the capital of a column)

Declension

Declension of abakus

	singular	plural
nominative	abakus	abakusy
genitive	abakusu	abakusov
dative	abakusu	abakusom
accusative	abakus	abakusy
locative	abakuse	abakusoch
instrumental	abakusom	abakusmi

References

• abakus in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk

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Swedish

Noun

abakus c

1. abacus (a table or frame used for calculating)
2. abacus (the uppermost member or division of the capital of a column)

Declension

Declension of abakus
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	abakus	abakusen	abakusar	abakusarna
Genitive	abakus	abakusens	abakusars	abakusarnas

Further reading

• abakus in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

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Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from English abacus.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: a‧ba‧kus
• IPA^(key): /ˌʔabaˈkus/, [ˌʔa.bɐˈxus]

Noun

ábakús

1. abacus

   Synonym: abako