conjugation

conjugation

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin coniugātiō (“combining, connecting; conjugation”), from coniugō (“join, unite together”). Equivalent to conjugate +‎ -ion.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˌkɒnd͡ʒəˈɡeɪʃən/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˌkɑnd͡ʒəˈɡeɪʃən/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɪʃən

Noun

conjugation (countable and uncountable, plural conjugations)

1. The coming together of things; union.
2. (biology) The temporary fusion of organisms, especially as part of sexual reproduction
3. Sexual relations within marriage
4. (grammar) In some languages, one of several classifications of verbs according to what inflections they take.
   • 1530 July 18, Iohan Palſgrave, “The Introduction”, in Leſclarciſſement de la langue francoyſe […] ‎, London: Richard Pynſon, Iohan Haukyns, OCLC 715474564, page 32; reprinted as Lesclarcissement de la langue françoyse, Genève: Slatkine Reprints, 1972:

     In ſo moche that if any verbe be of the thyꝛde coniugation / I ſet out all his rotes and tenſes […]

5. (grammar) The act or process of conjugating a verb.
6. (grammar) The product of that act: the conjugated forms of a verb, collected into a list or recitation.

   Meronym: principal parts

7. (chemistry) A system of delocalized orbitals consisting of alternating single bonds and double bonds
8. (mathematics) A mapping sending x to gxg^-1, where g and x are elements of a group; inner automorphism
9. (mathematics) A function which negates the non-real part of a complex or hypercomplex number; complex conjugation

Hypernyms

• flexion, inflexion, accidence, flection, inflection

Coordinate terms

• declension, declination

Derived terms

• periphrastic conjugation

Related terms

• conjugate

Translations

coming together of things

Bulgarian: съединяване (bg) n (sǎedinjavane), съединение (bg) n (sǎedinenie) Dutch: conjugatie (nl) f Finnish: yhdistyminen (fi) Greek: σύζευξη (el) f (sýzefxi), συζυγία (el) f (syzygía) Icelandic: samkoma f Indonesian: konjugasi (id) Japanese: 結合 (ja) (けつごう, ketsugō), 接合 (ja) (せつごう, setsugō), 連結 (ja) (れんけつ, renketsu) Polish: połączenie (pl) n Portuguese: conjunção (pt) f, junção (pt) f, união (pt) f, conjugação (pt) f Tagalog: pagsasama, pagkakaisa Thai: การผันคำกริยา

fusion of organisms

Bulgarian: конюгация (bg) f (konjugacija) Czech: konjugace (cs) f Finnish: yhdyntä (fi), yhtyminen (fi) Greek: σύζευξη (el) f (sýzefxi), συζυγία (el) f (syzygía) Irish: comhchuingiú m Japanese: 接合 (ja) (せつごう, setsugō), 結合 (ja) (けつごう, ketsugō) Polish: koniugacja (pl) f Portuguese: união (pt) Serbo-Croatian: konjugacija (sh) f Tagalog: pagkakaisa Turkish: konjugasyon (tr)

in some languages, one of several classifications of verbs

Arabic: تَصْرِيف‎ m (taṣrīf) Armenian: խոնարհում (hy) (xonarhum) Azerbaijani: təsrif Belarusian: спражэ́нне n (spražénnje) Bulgarian: спреже́ние (bg) n (sprežénie) Catalan: conjugació (ca) f Chinese: Mandarin: 變位／变位 (zh) (biànwèi) Czech: časování (cs) n Danish: konjugation (da) c, bøjning (da) c Dutch: vervoeging (nl) f Estonian: pööramine, konjugatsioon Finnish: konjugaatio (fi) French: conjugaison (fr) f Galician: conxugación (gl) f Georgian: უღვლილება (uɣvlileba) German: Konjugation (de) f Greek: συζυγία (el) f (syzygía) Ancient: συζυγία f (suzugía) Hungarian: igeragozás (hu), igeragozási típus Icelandic: beyging (is) f Irish: réimniú m Italian: coniugazione (it) f Japanese: 活用 (ja) (かつよう, katsuyō) Kazakh: жіктелу (jıktelu), жіктеу (jıkteu) Korean: 활용 (ko) (hwaryong) Kyrgyz: жакталыш (ky) (jaktalış) Latvian: konjugācija f Lithuanian: konjugacija f, asmenuotė (lt) f Low German: German Low German: Konjugatschoon f Macedonian: конјугација f (konjugacija) Malay: konjugasi, tasrif Norman: conjudgaison f Norwegian: Bokmål: bøyning m or f, bøying (no) m or f, konjugasjon m Nynorsk: bøying f, konjugasjon m Occitan: conjugason (oc) f Persian: تصریف‎ (fa) (tasrif) Polish: koniugacja (pl) f Portuguese: conjugação (pt) f Romanian: conjugare (ro) f Romansch: conjugaziun f Russian: спряже́ние (ru) n (sprjažénije) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: конјугација f Roman: konjugacija (sh) f Slovak: časovanie n Slovene: konjugacija f Spanish: conjugación (es) f Swedish: konjugation (sv) c, böjning (sv) c Tagalog: sabanghay Tajik: тасрифкунӣ (tg) (tasrifkunī), тасриф (tg) (tasrif) Turkish: please add this translation if you can Ukrainian: дієвідмі́на f (dijevidmína) Uzbek: tuslanish (uz) Vietnamese: chia động từ

act of conjugating a verb

Albanian: zgjedhim (sq) m Arabic: اِقْتِرَان‎ m (iqtirān), تَصْرِيف اَلْأَفْعَال‎ m (taṣrīf al-ʾafʿāl) (inflection of verbs), تَصْرِيف‎ m (taṣrīf) Aragonese: conchugación f Armenian: խոնարհում (hy) (xonarhum) Azerbaijani: təsrif Belarusian: спражэ́нне n (spražénnje) Bulgarian: спряга́не n (sprjagáne), спреже́ние (bg) n (sprežénie) Chechen: хийцар (xiicar) Chinese: Mandarin: 變位／变位 (zh) (biànwèi) Czech: časování (cs) n Danish: konjugation (da) c, verbbøjning c, bøjning (da) c Dutch: vervoeging (nl) f, conjugatie (nl) f Esperanto: konjugacio (eo) Estonian: konjugatsioon Faroese: bending (fo) f Finnish: taivuttaminen (fi), taivutus (fi) French: conjugaison (fr) f Georgian: უღვლილება (uɣvlileba), უღლება (uɣleba) German: Konjugation (de) f Greek: κλίση (el) f (klísi) Hebrew: הטיה‎ (he) f (hat'aia), נטיה‎ (he) f (n'tiyah) Hungarian: igeragozás (hu) Icelandic: sagnbeyging (is) f, persónubeyging sagna f, beyging (is) f Indonesian: konjugasi (id), tasrif (id) Irish: réimniú Italian: coniugazione (it) f Japanese: 活用 (ja) (かつよう, katsuyō) Kazakh: жіктелу (jıktelu), жіктеу (jıkteu) Korean: 활용 (ko) (hwaryong) Kyrgyz: жакталыш (ky) (jaktalış) Latin: coniugātiō (la) f Latvian: konjugācija f Lithuanian: konjugacija f Low German: German Low German: Konjugatschoon f Macedonian: конјугација f (konjugacija) Norman: conjudgaison f Norwegian: Bokmål: bøyning m or f, bøying (no) m or f Nynorsk: bøying f Persian: تصریف‎ (fa) (tasrif) Polish: koniugacja (pl) f Portuguese: conjugação (pt) f Romanian: conjugare (ro) f Russian: спряже́ние (ru) n (sprjažénije) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: конјугација f, спрезање n Roman: konjugacija (sh) f, sprezanje (sh) n Slovak: časovanie n Slovene: konjugacija f Spanish: conjugación (es) f Swedish: konjugation (sv) c, böjning (sv) c, konjugering c Tagalog: pagbabanghay Tajik: тасрифкунӣ (tg) (tasrifkunī), тасриф (tg) (tasrif) Turkish: çekim (tr) Ukrainian: дієвідмі́на f (dijevidmína) Uzbek: tuslanish (uz) Vietnamese: chia động từ Welsh: rhediad (cy) m Yiddish: קאָניוגאַציע‎ f (konyugatsye)

conjugated forms of a verb

Danish: verbbøjning c, konjugation (da) c Finnish: taivutuskaava (fi), taivutus (fi) French: conjugaison (fr) f Norman: conjudgaison f Portuguese: conjugação (pt) f, forma verbal f Spanish: conjugación (es) f

See also

• flection, flexion, inflection, inflexion