confirmo
See also: confirmó
Catalan
Pronunciation
- (Balearic) IPA(key): /kumˈfiɾ.mo/
- (Central) IPA(key): /kumˈfir.mu/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /komˈfiɾ.mo/
Verb
confirmo
- first-person singular present indicative form of confirmar
Latin
Etymology
From con- (“with, together”) + firmō (“strengthen, fortify”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /konˈfir.moː/, [kõːˈfɪrmoː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /konˈfir.mo/, [koɱˈfirmo]
Verb
cōnfirmō (present infinitive cōnfirmāre, perfect active cōnfirmāvī, supine cōnfirmātum); first conjugation
- I make firm, establish, strengthen, fortify, mature, confirm.
- Synonyms: firmō, mūniō, fortificō, cōnsolidō, immunīo, sistō
- Antonyms: dēterō, atterō, effēminō, minuō, frangō, tenuō, afficiō
- 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs 15:22:
- Dissipantur cōgitātiōnēs ubi nōn est cōnsilium: ubi vērō plūrēs sunt cōnsiliāriī, cōnfirmantur.
- Designs are brought to nothing where there is no counsel: but where there are many counsellors, they are established.
(Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)
- Designs are brought to nothing where there is no counsel: but where there are many counsellors, they are established.
- Dissipantur cōgitātiōnēs ubi nōn est cōnsilium: ubi vērō plūrēs sunt cōnsiliāriī, cōnfirmantur.
- I encourage, animate, embolden; persuade.
- Synonym: firmō
- Antonyms: deficiō, prōflīgō, dēfatīgō
- (by extension) I demonstrate, corroborate, support, prove or confirm the truth of something; assert, affirm.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of cōnfirmō (first conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | cōnfirmō | cōnfirmās | cōnfirmat | cōnfirmāmus | cōnfirmātis | cōnfirmant |
| imperfect | cōnfirmābam | cōnfirmābās | cōnfirmābat | cōnfirmābāmus | cōnfirmābātis | cōnfirmābant | |
| future | cōnfirmābō | cōnfirmābis | cōnfirmābit | cōnfirmābimus | cōnfirmābitis | cōnfirmābunt | |
| perfect | cōnfirmāvī | cōnfirmāvistī, cōnfirmāstī1 | cōnfirmāvit, cōnfirmāt1 | cōnfirmāvimus, cōnfirmāmus1 | cōnfirmāvistis, cōnfirmāstis1 | cōnfirmāvērunt, cōnfirmāvēre, cōnfirmārunt1 | |
| pluperfect | cōnfirmāveram, cōnfirmāram1 | cōnfirmāverās, cōnfirmārās1 | cōnfirmāverat, cōnfirmārat1 | cōnfirmāverāmus, cōnfirmārāmus1 | cōnfirmāverātis, cōnfirmārātis1 | cōnfirmāverant, cōnfirmārant1 | |
| future perfect | cōnfirmāverō, cōnfirmārō1 | cōnfirmāveris, cōnfirmāris1 | cōnfirmāverit, cōnfirmārit1 | cōnfirmāverimus, cōnfirmārimus1 | cōnfirmāveritis, cōnfirmāritis1 | cōnfirmāverint, cōnfirmārint1 | |
| passive | present | cōnfirmor | cōnfirmāris, cōnfirmāre | cōnfirmātur | cōnfirmāmur | cōnfirmāminī | cōnfirmantur |
| imperfect | cōnfirmābar | cōnfirmābāris, cōnfirmābāre | cōnfirmābātur | cōnfirmābāmur | cōnfirmābāminī | cōnfirmābantur | |
| future | cōnfirmābor | cōnfirmāberis, cōnfirmābere | cōnfirmābitur | cōnfirmābimur | cōnfirmābiminī | cōnfirmābuntur | |
| perfect | cōnfirmātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | cōnfirmātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | cōnfirmātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | cōnfirmem | cōnfirmēs | cōnfirmet | cōnfirmēmus | cōnfirmētis | cōnfirment |
| imperfect | cōnfirmārem | cōnfirmārēs | cōnfirmāret | cōnfirmārēmus | cōnfirmārētis | cōnfirmārent | |
| perfect | cōnfirmāverim, cōnfirmārim1 | cōnfirmāverīs, cōnfirmārīs1 | cōnfirmāverit, cōnfirmārit1 | cōnfirmāverīmus, cōnfirmārīmus1 | cōnfirmāverītis, cōnfirmārītis1 | cōnfirmāverint, cōnfirmārint1 | |
| pluperfect | cōnfirmāvissem, cōnfirmāssem1 | cōnfirmāvissēs, cōnfirmāssēs1 | cōnfirmāvisset, cōnfirmāsset1 | cōnfirmāvissēmus, cōnfirmāssēmus1 | cōnfirmāvissētis, cōnfirmāssētis1 | cōnfirmāvissent, cōnfirmāssent1 | |
| passive | present | cōnfirmer | cōnfirmēris, cōnfirmēre | cōnfirmētur | cōnfirmēmur | cōnfirmēminī | cōnfirmentur |
| imperfect | cōnfirmārer | cōnfirmārēris, cōnfirmārēre | cōnfirmārētur | cōnfirmārēmur | cōnfirmārēminī | cōnfirmārentur | |
| perfect | cōnfirmātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | cōnfirmātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | cōnfirmā | — | — | cōnfirmāte | — |
| future | — | cōnfirmātō | cōnfirmātō | — | cōnfirmātōte | cōnfirmantō | |
| passive | present | — | cōnfirmāre | — | — | cōnfirmāminī | — |
| future | — | cōnfirmātor | cōnfirmātor | — | — | cōnfirmantor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | cōnfirmāre | cōnfirmāvisse, cōnfirmāsse1 | cōnfirmātūrum esse | cōnfirmārī | cōnfirmātum esse | cōnfirmātum īrī | |
| participles | cōnfirmāns | — | cōnfirmātūrus | — | cōnfirmātus | cōnfirmandus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| cōnfirmandī | cōnfirmandō | cōnfirmandum | cōnfirmandō | cōnfirmātum | cōnfirmātū | ||
1At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.
Derived terms
- cōnfirmātē
- cōnfirmātiō
- cōnfirmātīvus
- cōnfirmātor
- cōnfirmātus
Related terms
- affirmō
- circumfirmō
- cōnfirmātīvē
- cōnfirmātrīx
- firmō
- īnfirmō
- offirmō
Descendants
- Catalan: confirmar
- English: confirm
- French: confirmer
- Galician: confirmar
- Italian: confermare
- Occitan: confirmar
- Norman: confirmer (Jersey)
- Portuguese: confirmar
- Romanian: confirma
- Spanish: confirmar
References
- “confirmo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “confirmo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- confirmo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to quote precedents for a thing: aliquid exemplis probare, comprobare, confirmare
- to prove a thing indisputably: argumentis confirmare, comprobare, evincere aliquid (or c. Acc. c. Inf.)
- to strengthen, confirm a person's courage: animum alicuius confirmare
- to strengthen a person in his hopes: spem alicuius confirmare
- to weaken, destroy a man's credit: fidem alicuius imminuere, infirmare (opp. confirmare)
- to encourage, embolden the soldiery: animos militum confirmare (B. G. 5. 49)
- to quote precedents for a thing: aliquid exemplis probare, comprobare, confirmare
Portuguese
Verb
confirmo
- first-person singular present indicative of confirmar
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /konˈfiɾmo/ [kõɱˈfiɾ.mo]
- Rhymes: -iɾmo
- Syllabification: con‧fir‧mo
Verb
confirmo
- first-person singular present indicative of confirmar