commercer
French
Etymology
commerce + -er
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɔ.mɛʁ.se/
Audio (file)
Verb
commercer
- (intransitive) to trade
Conjugation
This verb is part of a group of -er verbs for which 'c' is softened to a 'ç' before the vowels 'a' and 'o'.
Conjugation of commercer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | commercer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | commerçant /kɔ.mɛʁ.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | commercé /kɔ.mɛʁ.se/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | commerce /kɔ.mɛʁs/ | commerces /kɔ.mɛʁs/ | commerce /kɔ.mɛʁs/ | commerçons /kɔ.mɛʁ.sɔ̃/ | commercez /kɔ.mɛʁ.se/ | commercent /kɔ.mɛʁs/ |
| imperfect | commerçais /kɔ.mɛʁ.sɛ/ | commerçais /kɔ.mɛʁ.sɛ/ | commerçait /kɔ.mɛʁ.sɛ/ | commercions /kɔ.mɛʁ.sjɔ̃/ | commerciez /kɔ.mɛʁ.sje/ | commerçaient /kɔ.mɛʁ.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | commerçai /kɔ.mɛʁ.se/ | commerças /kɔ.mɛʁ.sa/ | commerça /kɔ.mɛʁ.sa/ | commerçâmes /kɔ.mɛʁ.sam/ | commerçâtes /kɔ.mɛʁ.sat/ | commercèrent /kɔ.mɛʁ.sɛʁ/ | |
| future | commercerai /kɔ.mɛʁ.sə.ʁe/ | commerceras /kɔ.mɛʁ.sə.ʁa/ | commercera /kɔ.mɛʁ.sə.ʁa/ | commercerons /kɔ.mɛʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/ | commercerez /kɔ.mɛʁ.sə.ʁe/ | commerceront /kɔ.mɛʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | commercerais /kɔ.mɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ | commercerais /kɔ.mɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ | commercerait /kɔ.mɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ | commercerions /kɔ.mɛʁ.sə.ʁjɔ̃/ | commerceriez /kɔ.mɛʁ.sə.ʁje/ | commerceraient /kɔ.mɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | commerce /kɔ.mɛʁs/ | commerces /kɔ.mɛʁs/ | commerce /kɔ.mɛʁs/ | commercions /kɔ.mɛʁ.sjɔ̃/ | commerciez /kɔ.mɛʁ.sje/ | commercent /kɔ.mɛʁs/ |
| imperfect2 | commerçasse /kɔ.mɛʁ.sas/ | commerçasses /kɔ.mɛʁ.sas/ | commerçât /kɔ.mɛʁ.sa/ | commerçassions /kɔ.mɛʁ.sa.sjɔ̃/ | commerçassiez /kɔ.mɛʁ.sa.sje/ | commerçassent /kɔ.mɛʁ.sas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | commerce /kɔ.mɛʁs/ | — | commerçons /kɔ.mɛʁ.sɔ̃/ | commercez /kɔ.mɛʁ.se/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
- commerçable
- commerçant
Further reading
- “commercer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.