ad-
English
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin ad-. Doublet of at-.
Prefix
ad-
- (no longer productive) near, at.
- adrenal
- (no longer productive) toward, to, tendency, or addition.
- adjoin
Derived terms
Translations
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References
- “ad-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
- “ad-”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
Anagrams
- D. A., D.A., DA, Da, da
Catalan
Prefix
ad-
- ad-
Ido
Etymology
Prefix form of ad. Also based on Latin ad-.
Prefix
ad-
- to (indicating that to which there is movement, tendency or position, with or without arrival)
- portar (“carry, bear”) → adportar (“bring, carry (to a person or place)”)
- ube (“where”) → adube (“where to (with motion), whither”)
Derived terms
Latin
Alternative forms
For euphony, ad- can assimilate the attached stem's initial consonant, becoming:a- (before sc, sp and st), ac- (before c and q), af- (before f), ag-, al-, ap-, ar-, as-, or at-.
Etymology
From the Latin preposition ad (“to, towards”), in turn from Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”).
Prefix
ad-
- to
- usually prefixed to verbs, in which cases it often has the effect of intensifying the verbal action
See also
Lushootseed
Prefix
ad-
- your (singular)
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *ad-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”). Cognates include Latin ad and English at.
Prefix
ad-
- to, towards
- in many compounds, it has a purely intensive sense
- augment infix used instead of ro- on verbs whose first prefix is com- and the stressed syllable starts with a consonant
- con·birt (“you conceived”) + ad- → con·abairt (“you have conceived”) (forms of con·beir)
- con·melt (“(s)he rubbed”) + ad- → con·amailt (“(s)he had rubbed”) (forms of con·meil)
- ·coscrad (“not destroyed”) + ad- → ·comscarad (“had not destroyed”) (past subjunctive prototonic forms of con·scara)
- con·gab (“it contained”) + ad- → con·acab (“it had contained”) (forms of con·gaib)
- *·cotla + ad- → ·comthala (subjunctive forms of con·tuili (“to sleep”))
Usage notes
- ad-, when used as an augment affix, vanishes in prototonic forms due to syncope. However, its presence may be detected via the different syncope patterns between forms augmented with ad- and those that were not.
- In deuterotonic verbs where ad- is the first prefix and the next sound is /t/, the d in the prefix may be dropped in its spelling.
Derived terms
Descendants
- Irish: a- (no longer productive)
Mutation
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
ad- | unchanged | n-ad- |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “ad-”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Portuguese
Alternative forms
- a-
Prefix
ad-
- ad- (near; at)
Welsh
Alternative forms
- at-
Etymology
From Proto-Brythonic *ate-, from Proto-Celtic *ati-.[1] from Proto-Indo-European *éti.[2] Cognate with Cornish as-, English ed-, Latin et (“and”), Sanskrit अति (ati, “over-”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ad/
Prefix
ad-
- again, back, re-
- ad- + llais (“voice”) → adlais (“echo”)
- ad- + talu (“to pay”) → ad-dalu (“to refund”)
- ad- + blas (“taste”) → adflas (“aftertaste”)
- Synonym: ail-
- affirmative prefix, emphasises prefixed word
- ad- + cas (“hated, nasty”) → atgas (“hateful, detestable”)
Derived terms
Mutation
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
ad- | unchanged | unchanged | |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 156 i (1)
- Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 222 i (3)