ad

ad

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ad"

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /æd/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æd
• Homophone: add

Etymology 1

Clipping of advertise, advertising, advertisement, advertiser.

Noun

ad (plural ads)

1. Abbreviation of advertisement.

   Synonym: advert

   I have placed both of the ads in the newspaper as instructed.

2. Abbreviation of advertising.
3. Abbreviation of advertiser.

Derived terms

• ad banner
• ad blindness
• ad-free
• ad in
• ad inventory
• adless
• ad-man
• adman
• ad-seg
• ad truck
• adware
• banner ad
• classified ad
• Mad Man
• personal ad
• small ad
• want ad

 

Translations

short form of advertisement — See also translations at advertisement

French: pub (fr) f

Etymology 2

From a shortening of the word advantage.

Noun

ad (plural ads)

1. (tennis) advantage
2. (debating) advantage

   ads and disads

Derived terms

• ad in
• ad out

Etymology 3

From Latin ad (“to, on”).

Preposition

ad

1. to, toward

Related terms

• ab ovo usque ad mala
• ad absurdum
• ad arbitrium
• ad astra
• ad baculum
• ad captandum
• ad coelum
• ad eundem
• ad extremum
• ad feminam
• ad fontes
• ad gloriam
• ad hoc
• ad hominem
• ad idem
• ad infinitum
• ad interim
• ad kalendas Graecas
• ad lib., ad lib
• ad libitum
• ad litem
• ad litteram
• ad loc., ad loc
• ad majorem Dei gloriam
• ad modum
• ad modum Donders
• ad nauseam
• ad orientem
• ad referendum
• ad rem
• ad seriatum
• ad unguem
• ad val
• ad valorem
• ad valorem tax
• ad verbum
• ad verecundiam
• ad vivum
• a maximis ad minima
• amicus usque ad aras
• argumentum ad baculum
• argumentum ad consequentiam
• argumentum ad crumenam
• argumentum ad dictionarium
• argumentum ad feminam
• argumentum ad fidem
• argumentum ad hominem
• argumentum ad ignorantiam
• argumentum ad invidiam
• argumentum ad judicium
• argumentum ad Lazarum
• argumentum ad nauseam
• argumentum ad numerum
• argumentum ad passiones
• argumentum ad populum
• argumentum ad verecundiam
• constructio ad sensum
• de die ad diem
• guardian ad litem
• habeas corpus ad subjiciendum
• per angusta ad augusta
• reductio ad absurdum
• reductio ad Hitlerum
• sic itur ad astra
• subpoena ad testificandum
• terminus ad quem

 

Anagrams

• D. A., D.A., DA, Da, da

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Azerbaijani

Other scripts

Cyrillic		ад
Perso-Arabic		آد‎

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *āt.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɑd]

• Audio (Baku)

  (file)

Noun

ad (definite accusative adı, plural adlar)

1. name, first name
   • 1899, Nariman Narimanov, Türk-Azərbaycan diliniŋ müxtəsər sərf-nəhvi [Concise grammar of the Azerbaijani Turkic language] 18:

     اونیگ آدی نه‌ در؟‎

     Onıŋ adı nədir? [=Onun adı nədir?]

     What is his/her name?

2. (grammar) noun

   Synonym: isim

Declension

Declension of ad
	singular	plural
nominative	ad	adlar
definite accusative	adı	adları
dative	ada	adlara
locative	adda	adlarda
ablative	addan	adlardan
definite genitive	adın	adların

Possessive forms of ad
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	adım	adlarım
sənin (“your”)	adın	adların
onun (“his/her/its”)	adı	adları
bizim (“our”)	adımız	adlarımız
sizin (“your”)	adınız	adlarınız
onların (“their”)	adı or adları	adları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	adımı	adlarımı
sənin (“your”)	adını	adlarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	adını	adlarını
bizim (“our”)	adımızı	adlarımızı
sizin (“your”)	adınızı	adlarınızı
onların (“their”)	adını or adlarını	adlarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	adıma	adlarıma
sənin (“your”)	adına	adlarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	adına	adlarına
bizim (“our”)	adımıza	adlarımıza
sizin (“your”)	adınıza	adlarınıza
onların (“their”)	adına or adlarına	adlarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	adımda	adlarımda
sənin (“your”)	adında	adlarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	adında	adlarında
bizim (“our”)	adımızda	adlarımızda
sizin (“your”)	adınızda	adlarınızda
onların (“their”)	adında or adlarında	adlarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	adımdan	adlarımdan
sənin (“your”)	adından	adlarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	adından	adlarından
bizim (“our”)	adımızdan	adlarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	adınızdan	adlarınızdan
onların (“their”)	adından or adlarından	adlarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	adımın	adlarımın
sənin (“your”)	adının	adlarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	adının	adlarının
bizim (“our”)	adımızın	adlarımızın
sizin (“your”)	adınızın	adlarınızın
onların (“their”)	adının or adlarının	adlarının

Derived terms

• adbaad (“name by name”)
• soyad (“last name”)
• ata adı (“patronymic”)

Descendants

• → Lezgi: ад (ad)

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Blagar

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ad/

Noun

ad

1. fire

References

• A. Schapper, The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 1
• The Rosetta Project, Blagar Swadesh List
• Stokhof (1975)

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Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Danish at, from Old Norse at, from Proto-Germanic *at.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [að], [a]
• Homophone: af

Preposition

ad

1. by
2. at

Descendants

• Norwegian Bokmål: ad

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈaðˀ]

Interjection

ad

1. ew, bleah

Synonyms

• adr
• bvadr
• føj
• uf

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Hungarian

Alternative forms

• ád (archaic)

Etymology

From Proto-Ugric *ɨmta-, from Proto-Uralic *ëmta-.[1][2][3] Cognates include Finnish antaa and Estonian andma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɒd]

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɒd

Verb

ad

1. (transitive) to give (to someone -nak/-nek; optionally as something -ul/-ül)

   Synonyms: átad, odaad, ajándékoz, nyújt, átnyújt

   Adok Sándornak egy könyvet. ― I give Sándor a book.

2. (transitive) to throw, organize, hold, give (a party/celebration/dinner, especially in honour of someone)

   Synonyms: rendez, szervez, tart, csap

   Vacsorát adtak a győztes tiszteletére. ― They held a dinner in the winner's honor.

   • 1854, Mór Jókai, Egy magyar nábob, chapter 19; translated by R. Nisbet Bain (chapter 11):

     Könnyű a férjnek azt mondani, én holnap vagy egy hónap múlva nagy ünnepélyt adok, hivatalos lesz rá az egész környék, akiket ismerek és olyanok is, akiket sohasem láttam. A többi az asszony gondja.

     It is easy enough for us men-folk to say, “I will give a great dinner-party to-morrow, or a month hence; and I will invite the whole country-side to it. I will invite not only those I know, but those I have never seen;” but it is our women-folk who have to take thought for it.

Conjugation

conjugation of ad

			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	adok	adsz	ad	adunk	adtok	adnak
		Def.	adom	adod	adja	adjuk	adjátok	adják
		2nd-p. o.	adlak	―
	Past	Indef.	adtam	adtál	adott	adtunk	adtatok	adtak
		Def.	adtam	adtad	adta	adtuk	adtátok	adták
		2nd-p. o.	adtalak	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	adnék	adnál	adna	adnánk	adnátok	adnának
		Def.	adnám	adnád	adná	adnánk (or adnók)	adnátok	adnák
		2nd-p. o.	adnálak	―
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	adjak	adj or adjál	adjon	adjunk	adjatok	adjanak
		Def.	adjam	add or adjad	adja	adjuk	adjátok	adják
		2nd-p. o.	adjalak	―
Infinitive	adni		adnom	adnod	adnia	adnunk	adnotok	adniuk
Other nonfinite verb forms			Verbal noun	Present participle	Past participle	Future part.	Adverbial part.	Potential
			adás	adó	adott	adandó	adva	adhat

Derived terms

• adag
• adakozik
• adalék
• adat
• adás
• adogat
• adoma
• adomány
• adó
• adódik

 

(With verbal prefixes):

• átad
• bead
• belead
• elad
• előad
• előread
• felad
• fölad
• hátraad
• hazaad
• hozzáad
• idead
• kiad
• kölcsönad
• közread
• lead
• megad
• nekiad
• odaad
• összead
• ráad
• továbbad
• túlad
• visszaad

Expressions

• ad a szavára
• adja a bankot
• adj, király, katonát!
• becsületszavát adja
• beleegyezését adja
• bérbe ad
• bizományba ad
• elégtételt ad
• elsőbbséget ad
• engedményt ad
• ezt add össze!
• életet ad
• feleségül ad
• férjhez ad
• gázt ad
• hangot ad
• hálát ad
• helyt ad
• hírt ad
• hírül ad
• írásba ad
• jelt ad
• kétszer ad, ki gyorsan ad
• kicsire nem adunk
• kosarat ad
• lovat ad alá
• mennyiért adja?
• nevét adja
• órát ad
• sakkot ad
• szabad kezet ad
• szavát adja
• számot ad
• tápot ad
• tudtul ad

 

References

1. See notes on the reconstruction page.
2. Entry #11 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary.
3. ad in Gerstner, Károly (ed.). Új magyar etimológiai szótár. (’New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian’). Beta version. Budapest, MTA Nyelvtudományi Intézet / ELKH Nyelvtudományi Kutatóközpont, 2011–2022. (Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary).

Further reading

• (to give): ad in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• (for [prefix of numbered issues; formal]): ad in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• ad in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2023)

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Ido

Alternative forms

• (apocopic form) a

Etymology

Borrowing from French à, Italian ad, Spanish a, all ultimately from Latin ad, from Proto-Indo-European *ád (“near, at”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ad/

Preposition

ad

1. to (movement, tendency or position)

   Il iris a la kirko. ― He went to church.

   Il venas de Paris a London. ― He is on his way from Paris to London.

   La hundo jetis su a la kato. ― The dog sprang at the cat.

   De la esto ad la westo. ― From east to west.

   De tempo a tempo. ― From time to time.

   De un dio a l'altra. ― From one day to another; From day to day.

   De la supro a l'infro. ― From top to bottom.

   Antonyms: de, ek

2. dative: indirect object

   Donez a me la bastono ― Give me the stick.

   Il parolis ad el. ― He spoke to her.

3. to (object of action, thought, desire)

   Il elevas su a la richeso e a la honori. ― He is rising to weather and honors.

   Atencema a la diskurso. ― Attentive to the discourse.

   Surda a la ditreso-krii. ― Deaf to the cries of distress.

   Amo a Deo. ― Love to God.

   Me deziras a vu omna feliceso. ― I wish you all happiness.

4. to (comparison or relation)

   Agreabla a la gusto. ― Agreeable to the taste.

   Ca okupo konvenas ad il. ― This occupation suits him.

5. proportion; total

   Tri raportas a non quale du a sis. ― Three is to nine as two is to six.

   Evaluar lua revenuo a 10.000 franki. ― To estimate his income as 10,000 francs.

   Taxar ol a 400 franki. ― To tax it at 400 francs.

Derived terms

• ad-
• al

Related terms

• ed (“and”)
• od (“or”)

See also

• vers
• til

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Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /əd̪ˠ/

Alternative forms

• dod, dod’, dot

Contraction

ad (triggers lenition)

1. (colloquial, dialectal) Contraction of do do (“to/for your sg”).

   Ní rabhas-sa ad phriocadh! ― I wasn't poking you!

Alternative forms

• id, it

Contraction

ad (triggers lenition)

1. (colloquial, dialectal) Contraction of i do (“in your sg”).

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Italian

Etymology

From Latin ad.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a.d‿/

Preposition

ad

1. (before vowels) Alternative form of a for euphony, especially before /a/; to, at, in

   Dallo ad Adamo. ― Give it to Adam.

Anagrams

• da, da', dà

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Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”). Cognates include English at.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ad/, [äd̪]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ad/, [äd̪]

• Audio (Classical)

  (file)

Preposition

ad (+ accusative)

1. (direction) toward, to
   • c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 4:

     Fugere ad puppim collēs campīque videntur.

     The hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship.

   • c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 2:

     Meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum.

     At noon the shadows fall towards the north, [and] at sunrise, point to the west.

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.93:

     Duplices tendens ad sidera palmas.

     Stretching both hands to the stars.

2. up to (indicating direction upwards)
3. near, by, close by, at, to (indicating location)
   • Titus Livius, ab urbe condita, I, 33 :

     ad Murciae datae sedes

     the residences being given near the Murcia

4. against, on, upon (indicating position)
   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 6.27:

     Sē ad arborēs applicant.

     They are leaning against the trees.

5. at, about, around, on, in(indicating a point in time)
6. until, to, up to, till (indicating the extent of time)
7. for, to, toward (indicating purpose or aim)

   Ad maiōrem Deī glōriam.

   For the greater glory of God.

8. in order to, to, for (indicating means)

   Ad vim atque ad arma confugere.

   To resort to violence and to fighting.

9. in comparison with, in comparison to, in relation to
10. according to (indicating conformity)
11. in consequence of
12. against, at (indicating movement 'toward' but in a hostile manner)
13. among, amongst (indicating the sharing of a characteristic)

Usage notes

• The word ad is an antithesis to ab (just as in is to ex; in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.)
• Often used of geographical position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs iaceō (“lie, be situated”), vergō (“incline, slope”), spectō (“observe, see”) etc.:

  Asia iacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquilonem.

  Asia lies near the prime meridian and the south, Europe near the northern regions and northern wind. (There are two words for north.)

  Ad Atticam vergente.

  Inclining to Attic.

• When appended to the beginning of a word beginning with a consonant, ad- often assimilates, e.g. becoming ap- in appretiō, from pretium, or ac- in accēdō, from cēdō. Note that unassimilated forms such as adpretiō are also found.

Derived terms

• ad-
• ad absurdum
• ad amussim
• ad arma
• ad astra
• ad hoc
• ad hominem
• ad infinitum
• ad kalendas Graecas
• ad libitum
• ad nauseam
• ad omnia
• ad referendum
• ad unguem
• ad valorem
• atque

 

Descendants

• Eastern Romance:
  • Romanian: a
• Franco-Provençal: a
• Gallo-Italic:
  • Ligurian: a
  • Romagnol: a
• Italo-Dalmatian:
  • Corsican: à
  • Dalmatian: a
  • Italian: a, ad
    • Norwegian Bokmål: a
  • Sicilian: a
• Old Occitan:
  • Occitan: a
  • Catalan: a
• Old French: a
  • Middle French:
    • French: à
      • → Norwegian Bokmål: à, a
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: a
• West Iberian:
  • Extremaduran: a
  • Mozarabic: ad, a
  • Navarro-Aragonese:
    • Aragonese: a
  • Old Leonese:
    • Asturian: a
    • Leonese: a
    • Mirandese: a
  • Old Portuguese: a
    • Fala: a
    • Galician: a
    • Portuguese: a
      • Indo-Portuguese: a
  • Old Spanish:
    • Spanish: a
• → English: ad

References

• “ad”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ad”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ad in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • one has a view over...; one is able to see as far as..: prospectus est ad aliquid
    
  • on the edge of the hill: ad extremum tumulum
    
  • to raise the eyes to heaven; to look up to the sky: oculos tollere, attollere ad caelum
    
  • to lie to the east, west, south, north: spectare in (vergere ad) orientem (solem), occidentem (solem), ad meridiem, in septentriones
    
  • eastern, western Germany: Germania quae or Germaniae ea pars quae, ad orientem, occidentem vergit
    
  • the city is very beautifully situated: urbs situ ad aspectum praeclara est
    
  • to stretch northwards: porrigi ad septentriones
    
  • the territory of this race extends as far as the Rhine: haec gens pertinet usque ad Rhenum
    
  • to go in and out of any one's house; to visit frequently: commeare ad aliquem
    
  • to draw near to a city: appropinquare urbi, rarely ad urbem
    
  • to advance nearer to the city: propius accedere ad urbem or urbem
    
  • to set out for Rome: ad Romam proficisci
    
  • I have no time to do something: tempus mihi deest ad aliquid faciendum
    
  • to employ one's time in..: tempus conferre ad aliquid
    
  • to devote every spare moment to...; to work without intermission at a thing: nullum tempus intermittere, quin (also ab opere, or ad opus)
    
  • to require, give, take time for deliberation: tempus (spatium) deliberandi or ad deliberandum postulare, dare, sibi sumere
    
  • to give some one a few days for reflection: paucorum dierum spatium ad deliberandum dare
    
  • to be there at a given time: ad tempus adesse
    
  • for a short time: ad exiguum tempus
    
  • a year from now: ad annum
    
  • till late at night: ad multam noctem
    
  • at the appointed time: ad diem constitutam
    
  • at the time agreed on: ad horam compositam
    
  • to come to some one's ears: ad aures alicuius (not alicui) pervenire, accidere
    
  • to draw every one's eyes upon one: omnium oculos (et ora) ad se convertere
    
  • to turn one's eyes (ears, attention) towards an object: oculos (aures, animum) advertere ad aliquid
    
  • to fall at some one's feet: ad pedes alicuius accidere
    
  • to throw oneself at some one's feet: ad pedes alicuius se proicere, se abicere, procumbere, se prosternere
    
  • to prostrate oneself before a person: ad pedes alicuius iacēre, stratum esse (stratum iacēre)
    
  • to put on a stern air: vultum componere ad severitatem
    
  • to live to a very great age: ad summam senectutem pervenire
    
  • to reach one's hundredth year, to live to be a hundred: vitam ad annum centesimum perducere
    
  • I'm undone! it's all up with me: perii! actum est de me! (Ter. Ad. 3. 2. 26)
    
  • to prepare to do a thing: aggredi ad aliquid faciendum
    
  • to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: ad finem aliquid adducere
    
  • to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: ad exitum aliquid perducere
    
  • to frustrate, nullify: ad irritum redigere aliquid
    
  • I was induced by several considerations to..: multae causae me impulerunt ad aliquid or ut...
    
  • to accrue in great abundance: ex aliqua re redundare (in or ad aliquid)
    
  • to determine the issue of; to turn the scale: momentum afferre ad aliquid
    
  • to be essentially important to a thing: pertinere ad aliquid
    
  • a wise man is in no way affected by this: hoc nihil ad sapientem pertinet
    
  • to contribute much towards...; to affect considerably; to be instrumental in..: multum valere ad aliquid
    
  • to contribute much towards...; to affect considerably; to be instrumental in..: multum afferre ad aliquid
    
  • to have considerable influence on a question: magnam vim habere ad aliquid
    
  • to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing: occasionem alicui dare, praebere alicuius rei or ad aliquid faciendum
    
  • to give occasion for blame; to challenge criticism: ansas dare ad reprehendum, reprehensionis
    
  • to be induced by a consideration: adduci aliqua re (ad aliquid or ut...)
    
  • his crowning happiness is produced by a thing; the culminating point of his felicity is..: ad felicitatem (magnus) cumulus accedit ex aliqua re
    
  • when life runs smoothly: in rebus prosperis et ad voluntatem fluentibus
    
  • for a life of perfect happiness: ad bene beateque vivendum
    
  • to be prepared for all that may come: ad omnes casus subsidia comparare
    
  • to be a victim of the malice of Fortune: ad iniurias fortunae expositum esse
    
  • to be ruined, undone: ad exitium vocari
    
  • to be ruined, undone: ad interitum ruere
    
  • many dangers hem a person in; one meets new risks at every turn: pericula in or ad aliquem redundant
    
  • affairs are desperate; we are reduced to extremeties: res ad extremum casum perducta est
    
  • affairs are desperate; we are reduced to extremeties: ad extrema perventum est
    
  • to fly to some one for refuge: confugere ad aliquem or ad opem, ad fidem alicuius
    
  • to be reduced to one's last resource: ad extremum auxilium descendere
    
  • to be reduced to (abject) poverty: ad egestatem, ad inopiam (summam omnium rerum) redigi
    
  • to considerably (in no way) further the common good: multum (nihil) ad communem utilitatem afferre
    
  • to consider one's own advantage in everything: omnia ad suam utilitatem referre
    
  • (great) advantage accrues to me from this: fructus ex hac re redundant in or ad me
    
  • I am benefited by a thing: aliquid ad meum fructum redundat
    
  • to accomodate oneself to another's wishes: se conformare, se accommodare ad alicuius voluntatem
    
  • to take one's directions from another; to obey him in everything: se convertere, converti ad alicuius nutum
    
  • to be at the beck and call of another; to be his creature: totum se fingere et accommodare ad alicuius arbitrium et nutum
    
  • to entrust a matter to a person; to commission: negotium ad aliquem deferre
    
  • to gain some one's friendship; to become intimate with: ad alicuius amicitiam se conferre, se applicare
    
  • to admit another into the circle of one's intimates: aliquem (tertium) ad (in) amicitiam ascribere
    
  • to attain to the highest eminence: ad summam auctoritatem pervenire
    
  • vague rumours reach us: dubii rumores afferuntur ad nos
    
  • to kindle ambition in some one's mind: aliquem cupiditate honorum inflammare (or aliquem ad cupiditatem honorum inflammare)
    
  • to expend great labour on a thing: operam (laborem, curam) in or ad aliquid impendere
    
  • to be energetic about, throw one's heart into a thing: incumbere in (ad) aliquid
    
  • to take a task in hand, engage upon it: ad opus faciendum accedere
    
  • to use up, make full use of one's spare time: otio abūti or otium ad suum usum transferre
    
  • to turn one's attention to a thing: animum attendere ad aliquid
    
  • to accommodate something to the standard of the popular intelligence: ad intellegentiam communem or popularem accommodare aliquid
    
  • to induce a person to think that..: aliquem ad eam cogitationem adducere ut
    
  • to give all one's attention to a thing: omnes cogitationes ad aliquid conferre
    
  • to study the commonplace: cogitationes in res humiles abicere (De Amic. 9. 32) (Opp. alte spectare, ad altiora tendere, altum, magnificum, divinum suspicere)
    
  • to bring to the highest perfection: ad summum perducere
    
  • to attain perfection: ad perfectionem, (ad summum) pervenire
    
  • to win a man over to one's own way of thinking: aliquem ad suam sententiam perducere or in suam sententiam adducere
    
  • to adopt some one's opinion: ad alicuius sententiam accedere, sententiam alicuius sequi
    
  • to be truthful in all one's statements: omnia ad veritatem dicere
    
  • to be very near the truth: proxime ad verum accedere
    
  • to consult a person, take his advice: aliquem in or ad consilium adhibere
    
  • to consent to..., lend oneself to..: descendere ad aliquid, ad omnia (vid. sect. V. 9, note Similarly descendere...)
    
  • to have recourse to extreme measures: descendere ad extrema consilia (Fam. 10. 33. 4)
    
  • to have an object in view: spectare aliquid or ad aliquid
    
  • there seems a prospect of armed violence; things look like violence: res spectat ad vim (arma)
    
  • he attained his object: ad id quod voluit pervenit
    
  • with this very object: ad id ipsum
    
  • in memory of..: memoriae causa, ad (not in) memoriam (Brut. 16. 62)
    
  • to reduce a thing to its theoretical principles; to apply theory to a thing: ad artem, ad rationem revocare aliquid (De Or. 2. 11. 44)
    
  • to combine theory with practice: doctrinam ad usum adiungere
    
  • to employ all one's energies on literary work: omne studium in litteris collocare, ad litteras conferre
    
  • to feel an attraction for study: trahi, ferri ad litteras
    
  • to civilise men, a nation: homines, gentem a fera agrestique vita ad humanum cultum civilemque deducere (De Or. 1. 8. 33)
    
  • to teach a person refinement: aliquem ad humanitatem informare or instituere
    
  • to become a pupil, disciple of some one: operam dare or simply se dare alicui, se tradere in disciplinam alicuius, se conferre, se applicare ad aliquem
    
  • the usual subjects taught to boys: artes, quibus aetas puerilis ad humanitatem informari solet
    
  • to be born for a thing, endowed by nature for it: natum, factum esse ad aliquid (faciendum)
    
  • to have as authority for a thing: auctore aliquo uti ad aliquid
    
  • to set up some one as one's ideal, model: sibi exemplum alicuius proponere ad imitandum or simply sibi aliquem ad imitandum proponere
    
  • to shape one's conduct after another's model: ad exemplum alicuius se conformare
    
  • to adopt a didactic tone: ad praecipiendi rationem delābi (Q. Fr. 1. 1. 6. 18)
    
  • to devote oneself to philosophy: se conferre ad philosophiam, ad philosophiae or sapientiae studium (Fam. 4. 3. 4)
    
  • to apply oneself to the study of philosophy: animum appellere or se applicare ad philosophiam
    
  • to systematise: ad artem redigere aliquid
    
  • to systematise: ad rationem, ad artem et praecepta revocare aliquid (De Or. 1. 41)
    
  • to treat with scientific exactness; to classify: ad rationis praecepta accommodare aliquid
    
  • to deal with a subject on scientific principles: ad philosophorum or philosophandi rationes revocare aliquid
    
  • to demonstrate, make a thing clear: aliquid planum facere (Ad Herenn. 2. 5)
    
  • to discuss, investigate a subject scientifically: disputare (de aliqua re, ad aliquid)
    
  • to pass from myth to history: ut a fabulis ad facta veniamus
    
  • to give a veracious and historic account of a thing: narrare aliquid ad fidem historiae
    
  • to devote oneself to writing history: ad historiam (scribendam) se conferre or se applicare
    
  • to calculate the date of an event: ad temporum rationem aliquid revocare
    
  • to devote oneself to the study of a natural science: se conferre ad naturae investigationem
    
  • to make a copy true to nature: aliquid ad verum exprimere
    
  • to devote oneself to poetry: se conferre ad poesis studium
    
  • to transplant to Rome one of the branches of poesy: poesis genus ad Romanos transferre
    
  • to sing to a flute accompaniment: ad tibiam or ad tibicinem canere
    
  • to devote oneself to oratory: ad dicendum se conferre
    
  • to be a born orator: natum, factum esse ad dicendum
    
  • to be a ready, fluent speaker: facilem et expeditum esse ad dicendum (Brut. 48. 180)
    
  • to be a persuasive speaker: accommodate ad persuadendum dicere
    
  • to come forward to make a speech; to address the house: aggredi ad dicendum
    
  • to be never at a loss for something to say: solutum et expeditum esse ad dicendum
    
  • to adopt the language of everyday life: accedere ad cotidiani sermonis genus
    
  • to express oneself in popular language: ad vulgarem sensum or ad communem opinionem orationem accommodare (Off. 2. 10. 35)
    
  • I have nothing to write about: deest mihi argumentum ad scribendum (Att. 9. 7. 7)
    
  • to afford matter for elaboration, embellishment: materiem ad ornatum praebere
    
  • to come back to the point: ad propositum reverti, redire
    
  • to come back to the point: ad rem redire
    
  • but to return from the digression we have been making: sed ad id, unde digressi sumus, revertamur
    
  • but to return from the digression we have been making: verum ut ad id, unde digressa est oratio, revertamur
    
  • the question has been settled: quaestio ad exitum venit
    
  • to answer questions: ad interrogata respondere
    
  • to be humorously inclined: animo prompto esse ad iocandum
    
  • to make a joke of a thing: aliquid ad ridiculum convertere
    
  • to translate literally, word for word (not verbo tenus): ad verbum transferre, exprimere
    
  • to the letter; literally: ad litteram, litterate
    
  • to arrange in alphabetical order: ad litteram or litterarum ordine digerere
    
  • to become a writer, embrace a literary career: ad scribendum or ad scribendi studium se conferre
    
  • to become a writer, embrace a literary career: animum ad scribendum appellere, applicare
    
  • to dedicate a book to some one: librum mittere ad aliquem (Fin. 1. 3. 8)
    
  • the book is attributed to an unknown writer: liber refertur ad nescio quem auctorem
    
  • to write a letter to some one: epistulam (litteras) dare, scribere, mittere ad aliquem
    
  • a letter to Atticus: epistula ad Atticum data, scripta, missa or quae ad A. scripta est
    
  • to charge some one with a letter for some one else: epistulam dare alicui ad aliquem
    
  • to put a man in a pleasurable frame of mind: animum alicuius ad laetitiam excitare
    
  • I have become callous to all pain: animus meus ad dolorem obduruit (Fam. 2. 16. 1)
    
  • to be resigned to a thing: (animo) paratum esse ad aliquid
    
  • to prepare oneself for all contingencies: ad omnes casus se comparare
    
  • to regain one's self-possession: ad se redire
    
  • to be plunged into the depths of despair: ad (summam) desperationem pervenire, adduci (B. C. 2. 42)
    
  • to awaken new hope in some one: ad spem aliquem excitare, erigere
    
  • expectation is overthrown: spes ad irritum cadit, ad irritum redigitur
    
  • to arouse feelings of compassion in some one: ad misericordiam aliquem allicere, adducere, inducere
    
  • to love and make a bosom friend of a person: aliquem in sinu gestare (aliquis est in sinu alicuius) (Ter. Ad. 4. 5. 75)
    
  • to flee for refuge to some one: confugere ad aliquem, ad fidem alicuius
    
  • a suspicion falls on some one: suspicio (alicuius rei) cadit in aliquem, pertinet ad aliquem
    
  • to make virtue the standard in every thought and act: omnia consilia et facta ad virtutem referre (Phil. 10. 10. 20)
    
  • to rouse in some one an enthusiasm for virtue: excitare aliquem ad virtutem
    
  • to have a natural propensity to vice: natura proclivem esse ad vitia
    
  • to rouse a person's interest, cupidity: aliquem ad cupiditatem incitare
    
  • to return to one's duties: ad officium redire
    
  • to have an inclination for a thing: propensum, proclivem esse ad aliquid (opp. alienum, aversum esse, abhorrere ab aliqua re)
    
  • to recover one's reason, be reasonable again: ad sanitatem reverti, redire
    
  • to recover one's reason, be reasonable again: ad bonam frugem se recipere
    
  • to bring some one back to his senses: ad sanitatem adducere, revocare aliquem
    
  • to measure something by the standard of something else; to make something one's criterion: dirigere or referre aliquid ad aliquam rem
    
  • immorality is daily gaining ground: mores in dies magis labuntur (also with ad, e.g. ad mollitiem)
    
  • to descend to the world below: ad inferos descendere
    
  • to approach the gods: propius ad deos accedere (Mil. 22. 59)
    
  • to raise the hands to heaven (attitude of prayer): (supinas) manus ad caelum tendere
    
  • to proclaim a public thanksgiving at all the street-shrines of the gods: supplicationem indicere ad omnia pulvinaria (Liv. 27. 4)
    
  • to go into mourning: vestem mutare (opp. ad vestitum suum redire) (Planc. 12. 29)
    
  • the necessaries of life: res ad vitam necessariae
    
  • the necessaries of life: quae ad victum pertinent
    
  • things indispensable to a life of comfort: res ad victum cultumque necessariae
    
  • to provide some one with a livelihood: omnes ad vitam copias suppeditare alicui
    
  • a livelihood: quae suppeditant ad victum (Off. 1. 4. 12)
    
  • from beginning to end: ab ovo usque ad mala (proverb.)
    
  • to invite some one to dinner: aliquem vocare, invitare ad cenam
    
  • to accept an invitiation to dinner: promittere (ad cenam) (Off. 3. 14. 58)
    
  • to promise to dine with a person: promittere ad aliquem
    
  • to invite oneself to some one's house for dinner: condicere alicui (ad cenam)
    
  • to welcome some one to one's table: adhibere aliquem cenae or ad cenam, convivio or in convivium
    
  • to go to a man's house as his guest: deverti ad aliquem (ad [in] villam)
    
  • to welcome a man as a guest in one's house: hospitio aliquem accipere or excipere (domum ad se)
    
  • to unite isolated individuals into a society: dissipatos homines in (ad) societatem vitae convocare (Tusc. 1. 25. 62)
    
  • to obtain an audience of some one: (ad colloquium) admitti (B. C. 3. 57)
    
  • I have received a legacy from a person: hereditas ad me or mihi venit ab aliquo (Verr. 2. 1. 10)
    
  • to go through accounts, make a valuation of a thing: ad calculos vocare aliquid (Amic. 16. 58)
    
  • corn had gone up to 50 denarii the bushel: ad denarios L in singulos modios annona pervenerat
    
  • to hold the reins of government: ad gubernacula (metaph. only in plur.) rei publicae sedere
    
  • to devote oneself to politics, a political career: accedere, se conferre ad rem publicam
    
  • to consider a thing from a political point of view: ad rei publicae rationes aliquid referre
    
  • to get oneself admitted as a plebeian: traduci ad plebem (Att. 1. 18. 4)
    
  • to transfer oneself from the patrician to the plebeian order: transitio ad plebem (Brut. 16. 62)
    
  • to transfer oneself from the patrician to the plebeian order: traductio ad plebem
    
  • to elevate to the highest dignity: aliquem ad summam dignitatem perducere (B. G. 7. 39)
    
  • to rise, mount to the honours of office: ad honores ascendere
    
  • to attain to the highest offices: ad summos honores pervenire (cf. also sect. V. 17)
    
  • to summon an assembly of the people: convocare populi concilium and populum ad concilium
    
  • to propose a law in the popular assembly: legem ferre or simply ferre ad populum, ut...
    
  • to throw oneself heart and soul into politics: studio ad rem publicam ferri
    
  • things seem tending towards an interregnum: res fluit ad interregnum
    
  • to summon to liberty: ad libertatem conclamare
    
  • to call to arms: ad arma conclamare (Liv. 3. 50)
    
  • an interregnum ensues: res ad interregnum venit or adducitur
    
  • to appeal to the people: provocare ad populum (Liv. 2. 55)
    
  • to bring a question before the senate (of the presiding magistrate): ad senatum referre (Cic. Dom. 53. 136)
    
  • the senate inclines to the opinion, decides for..: senatus sententia inclīnat ad... (De Sen. 6. 16)
    
  • a matter is referred (for decision) from the senate to the people: a senatu res ad populum reicitur
    
  • to reduce law to a system: ius ad artem redigere
    
  • to undertake a case: ad causam aggredi or accedere
    
  • to bind to the stake: ad palum deligare (Liv. 2. 5)
    
  • men exempt from service owing to age: qui per aetatem arma ferre non possunt or aetate ad bellum inutiles
    
  • to fail to answer one's name: ad nomen non respondere (Liv. 7. 4)
    
  • to issue a general call to arms: omnes ad arma convocare
    
  • to appoint some one commander-in-chief: imperii summam deferre alicui or ad aliquem, tradere alicui
    
  • the command is transferred, passes to some one: imperium transfertur ad aliquem (not transit)
    
  • matters have reached the fighting-stage: res ad arma venit
    
  • to come within javelin-range: ad teli coniectum venire (Liv. 2. 31)
    
  • to carry on a war energetically: omni studio in (ad) bellum incumbere
    
  • to go to war, commence a campaign: proficisci ad bellum, in expeditionem (Sall. Iug. 103)
    
  • to send to the war: mittere ad bellum
    
  • to advance on..: exercitum admovere, adducere ad...
    
  • the bugle, trumpet sounds before the general's tent: classicum or tuba canit ad praetorium
    
  • to refer a matter to a council of war: rem ad consilium deferre
    
  • to provoke the enemy to battle: proelio (ad pugnam) hostes lacessere, provocare
    
  • to choose suitable ground for an engagement: locum ad pugnam idoneum deligere
    
  • to rush to arms: ad arma concurrere
    
  • to have recourse to force of arms: ad vim et arma descendere (vid. sect. V. 9, note Similarly...)
    
  • to place the cavalry on the wings: equites ad latera disponere (B. G. 6. 8)
    
  • to incite to valour: ad virtutem excitare, cohortari (or simply adhortari, cohortari)
    
  • to challenge some one to single combat: povocare aliquem ad certamen singulare
    
  • the triarii must now fight (proverbially = we are reduced to extremities): res ad triarios redit (Liv. 8. 8)
    
  • swords must now decide the day: res ad gladios vēnit
    
  • the fighting is now at close quarters: res ad manus venit
    
  • to absolutely annihilate the enemy: hostes ad internecionem caedere, delere (Liv. 9. 26)
    
  • they perished to a man: ad unum omnes perierunt
    
  • to reduce a people to their former obedience: aliquem ad officium (cf. sect. X. 7, note officium...) reducere (Nep. Dat. 2. 3)
    
  • to completely annihilate a nation: gentem ad internecionem redigere or adducere (B. G. 2. 28)
    
  • the ship strikes on the rocks: navis ad scopulos alliditur (B. C. 3. 27)
    
  • the storm drives some one on an unknown coast: procella (tempestas) aliquem ex alto ad ignotas terras (oras) defert
    
  • to land (of people): appellere navem (ad terram, litus)
    
  • to land (of ships): appelli (ad oram) (Att. 13. 21)
    
  • to make fast boats to anchors: naves ad ancoras deligare (B. G. 4. 29)
    
  • to ride at anchor: ad ancoram consistere
    
  • to ride at anchor: ad ancoras deligari
    
  • to pass on: ad reliqua pergamus, progrediamur
    
  • I do not take that too strictly: non id ad vivum reseco (Lael. 5. 8)
    
  • but this is not to the point: sed hoc nihil (sane) ad rem
    

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Manx

Pronoun

ad

1. third person plural pronoun; they, them

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Meriam

Noun

ad

1. story

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Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *aidaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑːd/

Noun

ād m

1. funeral pyre

Declension

Declension of ad (strong a-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	ād	ādas
accusative	ād	ādas
genitive	ādes	āda
dative	āde	ādum

Descendants

• Middle English: ād

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Old French

Etymology 1

From Latin ad.

Preposition

ad

1. Alternative form of a (to; towards)

Etymology 2

From Latin habet.

Verb

ad

1. Alternative form of a; third-person singular present indicative of avoir

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Pumpokol

Etymology

From Proto-Yeniseian *ʔaʒ (“I”). Compare Assan and Arin aj and Kott ai.

Pronoun

ad

1. I (first-person subjective singular)

Related terms

• adɨŋ
• etnɨn
• ádɨŋ

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Romanian

Noun

ad n (plural aduri)

1. Obsolete form of iad.

Declension

Declension of ad

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) ad	adul	(niște) aduri	adurile
genitive/dative	(unui) ad	adului	(unor) aduri	adurilor
vocative	adule		adurilor

References

• ad in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN

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Salar

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *āt.

Pronunciation

• (Mengda, Jiezi, Gaizi, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA^(key): [ɑt][1][2]
• (Chahandusi, Jiezi, Gaizi, Daisho, Baizhuang, Tashapo (Mengda), Xunhua, Qinghai, Ili, Samuyuzi, Yining, Xinjiang) IPA^(key): [ɑːt][3][4][5]

Noun

ad (3rd person possessive adı, plural adlar)

1. name

References

• Potanin, G.N. (1893), “миниң адимь Яхія дур”, in Тангутско-Тибетская окраина Китая и Центральная Монголия (in Russian), page 433
• Tenishev, Edhem (1976), “at, a:t”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, page 296
• 林 (Lin), 莲云 (Lianyun) (1985), “ad”, in 撒拉语简志 [A Brief History of Salar], Beijing: 民族出版社: 琴書店, OCLC 17467570, page 8
• She, Xiu Cun (2015), “ɑt, ɑtʰ”, in 撒拉语语音研究 [Kunlun academic Series: Salar Phonetic Research], China: 上海大学出版社, →ISBN[6]
• Ma, Chengjun; Han, Lianye; Ma, Weisheng (December 2010), “ad”, in 米娜瓦尔 艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary], 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 3
• 马伟 (Ma Wei), 朝克 (Chao Ke) (2016), “ad”, in 濒危语言——撒拉语研究 [Endangered Languages ​​- Salar Language Studies], 青海 (Qinghai): 国家社会科学基金项目 (National Social Science Foundation Project), page 81
• Yakup, Abdurishid (2002), “a:d”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon, Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 32

1. She Xiu Cun (2015), p. 44, 57
2. Tenishev (1976)
3. She Xiu Cun (2015), p. 63
4. Tenishev (1976)
5. Yakup (2002), p. 32
6. She Xiu Cun (2015), p. 292: Although She Xiu Cun gives it as /ɑ(ː)t/ (in p. 44, 57, 63), he gives it as /ɑtʰ/ at the end. This is really confusing. However he gave the word in the sense of stamp as /ɑtɑmɑ/ in the same locations below it. Probably /ɑtɑmɑ/ is from the same origin. The word , which is usually given as ɑtʰ in other studies, is given as /ɑ̥t/ in each discrict first (p. 43), and then as /ɑ̥tʰ/ in the same discricts (p. 292). Really inconsistent. For this reason, we have taken as a basis the pronunciation that does not contradict itself and other studies.

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Sassarese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ad/

Preposition

ad

1. Alternative form of a, found before a vowel
   • 1866, Luigi Luciano Bonaparte, “Cap. Ⅳ [Chapter 4]”, in Il Vangelo di S. Matteo volgarizzato in dialetto sardo sassarese‎, London, section 10, page 10:

     Allora Gesù li dizisi: Andaddinni, Satana: palchì è ilcrittu: Hai a adurà lu Signori Deju toju, e ad eddu solu hai a silvì.

     Then Jesus said to him: "Begone, Satan! For it is written "You shall adore the Lord your God, and Him alone you shall serve.""

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Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

Borrowed from English hat (compare Irish hata).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [at̪]

Noun

ad f (genitive singular aide, plural adan or adaichean)

1. hat

   ad a' bhile òir ― the gold-rimmed hat

   bile na h-aide ― the rim of the hat

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Sumerian

Romanization

ad

1. Romanization of 𒀜 (ad)

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Tausug

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *qalad.

Noun

ād

1. fence
2. wall

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Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish آد‎ (ad, “name”), from Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (ad, “name”), from Proto-Turkic *āt (“name”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑd/

Noun

ad (definite accusative adı, plural adlar)

1. name, first name, last name
2. noun
3. reputation, fame, name, repute

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	ad
Definite accusative	adı
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ad	adlar
Definite accusative	adı	adları
Dative	ada	adlara
Locative	adda	adlarda
Ablative	addan	adlardan
Genitive	adın	adların
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular adım adlarım 2nd singular adın adların 3rd singular adı adları 1st plural adımız adlarımız 2nd plural adınız adlarınız 3rd plural adları adları Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular adımı adlarımı 2nd singular adını adlarını 3rd singular adını adlarını 1st plural adımızı adlarımızı 2nd plural adınızı adlarınızı 3rd plural adlarını adlarını Dative Singular Plural 1st singular adıma adlarıma 2nd singular adına adlarına 3rd singular adına adlarına 1st plural adımıza adlarımıza 2nd plural adınıza adlarınıza 3rd plural adlarına adlarına Locative Singular Plural 1st singular adımda adlarımda 2nd singular adında adlarında 3rd singular adında adlarında 1st plural adımızda adlarımızda 2nd plural adınızda adlarınızda 3rd plural adlarında adlarında Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular adımdan adlarımdan 2nd singular adından adlarından 3rd singular adından adlarından 1st plural adımızdan adlarımızdan 2nd plural adınızdan adlarınızdan 3rd plural adlarından adlarından Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular adımın adlarımın 2nd singular adının adlarının 3rd singular adının adlarının 1st plural adımızın adlarımızın 2nd plural adınızın adlarınızın 3rd plural adlarının adlarının

Synonyms

• isim
• san

Related terms

• adlı
• adsız
• adamak
• atamak

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Veps

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian ад (ad).

Noun

ad

1. hell, underworld

Inflection

Inflection of ad (inflection type 1/ilo)
nominative sing.	ad
genitive sing.	adun
partitive sing.	adud
partitive plur.	aduid
	singular	plural
nominative	ad	adud
accusative	adun	adud
genitive	adun	aduiden
partitive	adud	aduid
essive-instructive	adun	aduin
translative	aduks	aduikš
inessive	adus	aduiš
elative	aduspäi	aduišpäi
illative	adhu aduhu	aduihe
adessive	adul	aduil
ablative	adulpäi	aduilpäi
allative	adule	aduile
abessive	aduta	aduita
comitative	adunke	aduidenke
prolative	adudme	aduidme
approximative I	adunno	aduidenno
approximative II	adunnoks	aduidennoks
egressive	adunnopäi	aduidennopäi
terminative I	adhusai aduhusai	aduihesai
terminative II	adulesai	aduilesai
terminative III	adussai	—
additive I	adhupäi aduhupäi	aduihepäi
additive II	adulepäi	aduilepäi

References

• Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “ад”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

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Volapük

Preposition

ad

1. for, in order to, to

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Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aːd/

Verb

ad

1. Soft mutation of gad.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
gad	ad	ngad	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

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Yola

Etymology 1

From Middle English hadde, from Old English hæfde, from Proto-West Germanic *habd-.

Alternative forms

• had, hadh

Verb

ad

1. simple past tense of ha (“have”)
   • 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:

     Wich ad wough bethther kwingokee or baagchoosee vursth?

     Whether had we better churn or bake first?

Preposition

ad

1. Alternative form of adh
   • 1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, line 6:

     But zit ad hime wi vlaxen wheel,

     But sit at home with flaxen wheel,

References

• Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 78
• Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 131