cogito
See also: cogitò
English
Noun
cogito (usually uncountable, plural cogitos)
- (philosophy, often preceded by the, sometimes capitalized) The argument "cogito, ergo sum" ("I think therefore I am") from the philosophy of René Descartes; the mental act of thinking this thought; a conscious being which performs this mental act.
- 1957, Jean-Paul Sartre (author), Forrest Williams and Robert Kirkpatrick (translators), The Transcendence of the Ego, Noonday Press, pp. 43-44.
- The Cogito of Descartes and Husserl is an apprehension of fact. […] Such a Cogito is performed by a consciousness directed upon consciousness, a consciousness which takes consciousness as an object.
- 1966 Dec., Geoffrey Hartman, "Beyond Formalism," MLN, vol. 81, no. 5, p. 551:
- But are there not as many consciousnesses or cogitos as there are individuals?
- 1984 Jan., Charles Larmore, "Descartes' Psychologistic Theory of Assent," History of Philosophy Quarterly, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 65:
- An obvious candidate for this class of propositions would be the cogito, whose evidence, Descartes insisted, is not founded on inference.
- 2000 Spring, Linnell Secomb, "Fractured Community," Hypatia, vol. 15, no. 2, p. 138:
- Benhabib proposes a […] "recognition that the subjects of reason are finite, embodied and fragile creatures, and not disembodied cogitos or abstract unities of transcendental apperception".
- 2009 May, Ernest Sosa, "Précis of A Virtue Epistemology," Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition," vol. 144, no. 1, p. 109 n11:
- It may be thought that this leads to an even more radical skepticism than that envisaged by Descartes, since now even the cogito may be questioned.
- 1957, Jean-Paul Sartre (author), Forrest Williams and Robert Kirkpatrick (translators), The Transcendence of the Ego, Noonday Press, pp. 43-44.
Anagrams
- ciotóg
French
Noun
cogito m (plural cogitos)
- cogito
Further reading
- “cogito”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Italian
Verb
cogito
- first-person singular present indicative of cogitare
Anagrams
- gotico
Latin
Etymology
From con- + agitō.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈkoː.ɡi.toː/, [ˈkoːɡɪt̪oː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈko.d͡ʒi.to/, [ˈkɔːd͡ʒit̪o]
Audio (Classical) (file)
Verb
cōgitō (present infinitive cōgitāre, perfect active cōgitāvī, supine cōgitātum); first conjugation
- I think
- 63 B.C.E., Cicero, Catiline Orations (Latin text and English translations here)
- Nihil agis, nihil moliris, nihil cogitas quod non ego non modo audiam sed etiam videam planeque sentiam.
- You do nothing, you plan nothing, you think of nothing which I not only do not hear, but which I do not see and know every particular of.
- Nihil agis, nihil moliris, nihil cogitas quod non ego non modo audiam sed etiam videam planeque sentiam.
- 63 B.C.E., Cicero, Catiline Orations (Latin text and English translations here)
- I ponder, meditate, reflect, consider (i.e. think of, about, over)
- I intend, design, purpose, plan, devise (i.e. have in mind)
Conjugation
| Conjugation of cōgitō (first conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | cōgitō | cōgitās | cōgitat | cōgitāmus | cōgitātis | cōgitant |
| imperfect | cōgitābam | cōgitābās | cōgitābat | cōgitābāmus | cōgitābātis | cōgitābant | |
| future | cōgitābō | cōgitābis | cōgitābit | cōgitābimus | cōgitābitis | cōgitābunt | |
| perfect | cōgitāvī | cōgitāvistī, cōgitāstī1 | cōgitāvit, cōgitāt1 | cōgitāvimus, cōgitāmus1 | cōgitāvistis, cōgitāstis1 | cōgitāvērunt, cōgitāvēre, cōgitārunt1 | |
| pluperfect | cōgitāveram, cōgitāram1 | cōgitāverās, cōgitārās1 | cōgitāverat, cōgitārat1 | cōgitāverāmus, cōgitārāmus1 | cōgitāverātis, cōgitārātis1 | cōgitāverant, cōgitārant1 | |
| future perfect | cōgitāverō, cōgitārō1 | cōgitāveris, cōgitāris1 | cōgitāverit, cōgitārit1 | cōgitāverimus, cōgitārimus1 | cōgitāveritis, cōgitāritis1 | cōgitāverint, cōgitārint1 | |
| passive | present | cōgitor | cōgitāris, cōgitāre | cōgitātur | cōgitāmur | cōgitāminī | cōgitantur |
| imperfect | cōgitābar | cōgitābāris, cōgitābāre | cōgitābātur | cōgitābāmur | cōgitābāminī | cōgitābantur | |
| future | cōgitābor | cōgitāberis, cōgitābere | cōgitābitur | cōgitābimur | cōgitābiminī | cōgitābuntur | |
| perfect | cōgitātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | cōgitātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | cōgitātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | cōgitem | cōgitēs | cōgitet | cōgitēmus | cōgitētis | cōgitent |
| imperfect | cōgitārem | cōgitārēs | cōgitāret | cōgitārēmus | cōgitārētis | cōgitārent | |
| perfect | cōgitāverim, cōgitārim1 | cōgitāverīs, cōgitārīs1 | cōgitāverit, cōgitārit1 | cōgitāverīmus, cōgitārīmus1 | cōgitāverītis, cōgitārītis1 | cōgitāverint, cōgitārint1 | |
| pluperfect | cōgitāvissem, cōgitāssem1 | cōgitāvissēs, cōgitāssēs1 | cōgitāvisset, cōgitāsset1 | cōgitāvissēmus, cōgitāssēmus1 | cōgitāvissētis, cōgitāssētis1 | cōgitāvissent, cōgitāssent1 | |
| passive | present | cōgiter | cōgitēris, cōgitēre | cōgitētur | cōgitēmur | cōgitēminī | cōgitentur |
| imperfect | cōgitārer | cōgitārēris, cōgitārēre | cōgitārētur | cōgitārēmur | cōgitārēminī | cōgitārentur | |
| perfect | cōgitātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | cōgitātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | cōgitā | — | — | cōgitāte | — |
| future | — | cōgitātō | cōgitātō | — | cōgitātōte | cōgitantō | |
| passive | present | — | cōgitāre | — | — | cōgitāminī | — |
| future | — | cōgitātor | cōgitātor | — | — | cōgitantor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | cōgitāre | cōgitāvisse, cōgitāsse1 | cōgitātūrum esse | cōgitārī | cōgitātum esse | cōgitātum īrī | |
| participles | cōgitāns | — | cōgitātūrus | — | cōgitātus | cōgitandus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| cōgitandī | cōgitandō | cōgitandum | cōgitandō | cōgitātum | cōgitātū | ||
1At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.
Synonyms
- (think): arbitror, sentio, puto, existimo, reor, iudico, censeo
Derived terms
- cōgitābundus
- cōgitātē
- cōgitātiō
- cōgitātum
- cōgitātus
- cōgitō, ergō sum
- excōgitō
- incōgitāns
- incōgitō
- recōgitō
Descendants
- Eastern Romance:
- Romanian: cugeta, cugetare
- Italian: cogitare, coitare
- Old Francoprovençal: cuidar, cuidier
- Franco-Provençal: cuidier, cuidar
- Old French: cuidier, cuider, kuider, quider, quidier
- Bourguignon: cueudai
- Lorrain: cueuder
- French: cuider
- Old Leonese:
- Asturian: cuidar
- Old Occitan: cuidar
- Occitan: coidar
- Old Portuguese: cuidar, coidar
- Galician: coidar
- Portuguese: cuidar
- Old Spanish: coidar
- Spanish: cuidar
- Rhaeto-Romance:
- Romansch: quitar
- → Proto-Albanian: *kugitɔnjœ,
- Albanian: kujtonj
- Albanian: kujtoj
- Albanian: kujtonj
- → Catalan: cogitar
- → English: cogitate
- → French: cogiter
- → Italian: cogitare
- → Portuguese: cogitar
- → Spanish: cogitar
References
- “cogito”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “cogito”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- cogito in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to take no thought for the future: futura non cogitare, curare
- to take no thought for the future: futura non cogitare, curare
- cogito in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
Portuguese
Verb
cogito
- first-person singular present indicative of cogitar
Spanish
Verb
cogito
- first-person singular present indicative of cogitar