coerceo
Latin
Alternative forms
- coherceō
Etymology
From con- + arceō (“enclose; keep off”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /koˈer.ke.oː/, [koˈɛrkeoː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /koˈer.t͡ʃe.o/, [koˈɛrt͡ʃeo]
Verb
coerceō (present infinitive coercēre, perfect active coercuī, supine coercitum); second conjugation
- I enclose on all sides, hold together; surround, encompass.
- I restrain, keep back, confine, shut up or in, hold in confinement, repress.
- Synonyms: inclūdō, moderor, supprimō, refrēnō, arceō, intersaepiō, claudō, interclūdō, comprimō, reprimō, premō, urgeō, sustentō, retineō
- Antonyms: līberō, eximō, vindicō, servō, exonerō, absolvō, excipiō, ēmittō
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 1.715:
- sōla gerat mīles, quibus arma coerceat, arma
- May the soldier bear arms only to restrain [the use of] arms.
(Alternate) May the soldier bear arms only to restrain war.
- May the soldier bear arms only to restrain [the use of] arms.
- sōla gerat mīles, quibus arma coerceat, arma
- (figuratively, of discourse) I keep within limits, control, limit.
- Synonyms: līmitō, delīmitō, inclūdō, claudō, minuō, moderor, fīniō
- (figuratively, of a passion) I curb, restrain, tame, correct, appease.
- Synonyms: molliō, sopiō, lēniō, mītigō, commītigō, levō, sileō, sedō, domō, ēlevō, allevō, alleviō
Usage notes
- Also spelled coërceō, with a diaeresis.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of coerceō (second conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | coerceō | coercēs | coercet | coercēmus | coercētis | coercent |
| imperfect | coercēbam | coercēbās | coercēbat | coercēbāmus | coercēbātis | coercēbant | |
| future | coercēbō | coercēbis | coercēbit | coercēbimus | coercēbitis | coercēbunt | |
| perfect | coercuī | coercuistī | coercuit | coercuimus | coercuistis | coercuērunt, coercuēre | |
| pluperfect | coercueram | coercuerās | coercuerat | coercuerāmus | coercuerātis | coercuerant | |
| future perfect | coercuerō | coercueris | coercuerit | coercuerimus | coercueritis | coercuerint | |
| passive | present | coerceor | coercēris, coercēre | coercētur | coercēmur | coercēminī | coercentur |
| imperfect | coercēbar | coercēbāris, coercēbāre | coercēbātur | coercēbāmur | coercēbāminī | coercēbantur | |
| future | coercēbor | coercēberis, coercēbere | coercēbitur | coercēbimur | coercēbiminī | coercēbuntur | |
| perfect | coercitus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | coercitus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | coercitus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | coerceam | coerceās | coerceat | coerceāmus | coerceātis | coerceant |
| imperfect | coercērem | coercērēs | coercēret | coercērēmus | coercērētis | coercērent | |
| perfect | coercuerim | coercuerīs | coercuerit | coercuerīmus | coercuerītis | coercuerint | |
| pluperfect | coercuissem | coercuissēs | coercuisset | coercuissēmus | coercuissētis | coercuissent | |
| passive | present | coercear | coerceāris, coerceāre | coerceātur | coerceāmur | coerceāminī | coerceantur |
| imperfect | coercērer | coercērēris, coercērēre | coercērētur | coercērēmur | coercērēminī | coercērentur | |
| perfect | coercitus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | coercitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | coercē | — | — | coercēte | — |
| future | — | coercētō | coercētō | — | coercētōte | coercentō | |
| passive | present | — | coercēre | — | — | coercēminī | — |
| future | — | coercētor | coercētor | — | — | coercentor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | coercēre | coercuisse | coercitūrum esse | coercērī | coercitum esse | coercitum īrī | |
| participles | coercēns | — | coercitūrus | — | coercitus | coercendus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| coercendī | coercendō | coercendum | coercendō | coercitum | coercitū | ||
Derived terms
- coercitiō
- coercitor
- coercitus
Related terms
- abarceō / aberceō
- arceō
- exerceō
Descendants
- English: coerce
- Spanish: coercer
References
- “coerceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “coerceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- coerceo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to have self-control; to restrain oneself, master one's inclinations: sibi imperare or continere et coercere se ipsum
- to have self-control; to restrain oneself, master one's inclinations: animum regere, coercere, cohibere
- to overcome one's passions: coercere, cohibere, continere, domitas habere cupiditates
- to keep good discipline amongst one's men: milites disciplina coercere
- to keep good discipline amongst one's men: milites coercere et in officio continere (B. C. 1. 67. 4)
- to have self-control; to restrain oneself, master one's inclinations: sibi imperare or continere et coercere se ipsum