clywed
Welsh
Etymology
From Proto-Brythonic *klüwid, from Proto-Celtic *klusīti, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew-.
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) (standard) (colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈkləu̯ɛd/
- (North Wales) (colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈkləu̯ad/
- (South Wales) (standard) (colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈkləu̯ɛd/
- (South Wales) (colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈklɪu̯ɛd/
Verb
clywed (first-person singular present clywaf) (transitive, intransitive)
- to hear
- (obsolete) to listen
- to identify or receive impressions through the senses (excluding sight)
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | clywaf | clywi | clyw | clywn | clywch | clywant | clywir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | clywn | clywit | clywai | clywem | clywech | clywent | clywid | |
| preterite | clywais | clywaist | clywodd | clywsom | clywsoch | clywsant | clywyd | |
| pluperfect | clywswn | clywsit | clywsai | clywsem | clywsech | clywsent | clywsid | |
| present subjunctive | clywyf | clywech | clywo | clywom | clywoch | clywont | clywer | |
| imperative | — | clyw | clywed | clywn | clywch | clywent | clywer | |
| verbal noun | clywed | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | clywedig clywadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | clywa i, clywaf i | clywi di | clywith o/e/hi, clywiff e/hi | clywn ni | clywch chi | clywan nhw |
| conditional | clywn i, clywswn i | clywet ti, clywset ti | clywai fo/fe/hi, clywsai fo/fe/hi | clywen ni, clywsen ni | clywech chi, clywsech chi | clywen nhw, clywsen nhw |
| preterite | clywais i, clywes i | clywaist ti, clywest ti | clywodd o/e/hi | clywon ni | clywoch chi | clywon nhw |
| imperative | — | clywa | — | — | clywch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms
- clywedog (“audible; loud, sonorous”)
Noun
clywed m (uncountable)
- hearing; the ability to hear; the act of hearing; reaching ear
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| clywed | glywed | nghlywed | chlywed |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- Angharad Fychan and Ann Parry Owen, editors (2014), “clywaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies