cludo
Latin
Etymology
Back-formed from prefixed forms such as inclūdo. Attested in Plautus and Quintilian.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈkluː.doː/, [ˈkɫ̪uːd̪oː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈklu.do/, [ˈkluːd̪o]
Verb
clūdō (present infinitive clūdere, perfect active clūsī, supine clūsum); third conjugation
- Alternative form of claudō
Conjugation
| Conjugation of clūdō (third conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | clūdō | clūdis | clūdit | clūdimus | clūditis | clūdunt |
| imperfect | clūdēbam | clūdēbās | clūdēbat | clūdēbāmus | clūdēbātis | clūdēbant | |
| future | clūdam | clūdēs | clūdet | clūdēmus | clūdētis | clūdent | |
| perfect | clūsī | clūsistī | clūsit | clūsimus | clūsistis | clūsērunt, clūsēre | |
| pluperfect | clūseram | clūserās | clūserat | clūserāmus | clūserātis | clūserant | |
| future perfect | clūserō | clūseris | clūserit | clūserimus | clūseritis | clūserint | |
| passive | present | clūdor | clūderis, clūdere | clūditur | clūdimur | clūdiminī | clūduntur |
| imperfect | clūdēbar | clūdēbāris, clūdēbāre | clūdēbātur | clūdēbāmur | clūdēbāminī | clūdēbantur | |
| future | clūdar | clūdēris, clūdēre | clūdētur | clūdēmur | clūdēminī | clūdentur | |
| perfect | clūsus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | clūsus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | clūsus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | clūdam | clūdās | clūdat | clūdāmus | clūdātis | clūdant |
| imperfect | clūderem | clūderēs | clūderet | clūderēmus | clūderētis | clūderent | |
| perfect | clūserim | clūserīs | clūserit | clūserīmus | clūserītis | clūserint | |
| pluperfect | clūsissem | clūsissēs | clūsisset | clūsissēmus | clūsissētis | clūsissent | |
| passive | present | clūdar | clūdāris, clūdāre | clūdātur | clūdāmur | clūdāminī | clūdantur |
| imperfect | clūderer | clūderēris, clūderēre | clūderētur | clūderēmur | clūderēminī | clūderentur | |
| perfect | clūsus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | clūsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | clūde | — | — | clūdite | — |
| future | — | clūditō | clūditō | — | clūditōte | clūduntō | |
| passive | present | — | clūdere | — | — | clūdiminī | — |
| future | — | clūditor | clūditor | — | — | clūduntor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | clūdere | clūsisse | clūsūrum esse | clūdī | clūsum esse | clūsum īrī | |
| participles | clūdēns | — | clūsūrus | — | clūsus | clūdendus, clūdundus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| clūdendī | clūdendō | clūdendum | clūdendō | clūsum | clūsū | ||
Descendants
- Friulian: cludi
- Italian: chiudere
- Romansch: clugir
- Sicilian: chiùdiri, chiùjiri, jùjiri
References
- “cludo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “cludo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- cludo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “claudĕre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2: C Q K, page 747
Welsh
Etymology
From clud + -o.
Verb
cludo (first-person singular present cludaf)
- to carry, to convey
- Synonyms: cario, dwyn, cyrchu
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | cludaf | cludi | cluda | cludwn | cludwch | cludant | cludir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional | cludwn | cludit | cludai | cludem | cludech | cludent | cludid | |
| preterite | cludais | cludaist | cludodd | cludasom | cludasoch | cludasant | cludwyd | |
| pluperfect | cludaswn | cludasit | cludasai | cludasem | cludasech | cludasent | cludasid, cludesid | |
| present subjunctive | cludwyf | cludych | cludo | cludom | cludoch | cludont | cluder | |
| imperative | — | cluda | cluded | cludwn | cludwch | cludent | cluder | |
| verbal noun | cludo | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | cludedig cludadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | cluda i, cludaf i | cludi di | cludith o/e/hi, cludiff e/hi | cludwn ni | cludwch chi | cludan nhw |
| conditional | cludwn i, cludswn i | cludet ti, cludset ti | cludai fo/fe/hi, cludsai fo/fe/hi | cluden ni, cludsen ni | cludech chi, cludsech chi | cluden nhw, cludsen nhw |
| preterite | cludais i, cludes i | cludaist ti, cludest ti | cludodd o/e/hi | cludon ni | cludoch chi | cludon nhw |
| imperative | — | cluda | — | — | cludwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms
- cludadwy (“portable”)
- cludfelt (“conveyor belt”)
- cludiad (“carriage, carrying”)
- cludiant (“transport, conveyance”)
- cludwely (“stretcher, litter”)
- cludwr (“carrier; porter”)
- cludydd (“carrier”)
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| cludo | gludo | nghludo | chludo |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cludo”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies