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单词 clog
释义

clog

English

A pair of leather clogs painted by Vincent van Gogh

Etymology

Unknown; perhaps from Middle English clog (“weight attached to the leg of an animal to impede movement”). Perhaps of North Germanic origin; compare Old Norse klugu, klogo (“knotty tree log”),[1] Dutch klomp.

Pronunciation

  • (UK) IPA(key): /klɒɡ/
  • Audio (UK)(file)
  • (US) IPA(key): /klɑɡ/, /klɔɡ/
  • Rhymes: -ɒɡ

Noun

clog (plural clogs)

  1. A type of shoe with an inflexible, often wooden sole sometimes with an open heel.
    Dutch people rarely wear clogs these days.
    • 1849, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], chapter 15, in Shirley. A Tale. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], OCLC 84390265:
      […] as to the poor—just look at them when they come crowding about the church doors on the occasion of a marriage or a funeral, clattering in clogs;
    • 2002, Alice Sebold, The Lovely Bones, Waterville, ME: Thorndike Press, Chapter 5, p. 92,
      She stomped up the stairs. Her clogs slammed against the pine boards of the staircase and shook the house.
  2. A blockage.
    The plumber cleared the clog from the drain.
  3. (UK, colloquial) A shoe of any type.
    • 1987, Bruce Robinson, Withnail and I, spoken by Withnail:
      I let him in this morning. He lost one of his clogs.
  4. A weight, such as a log or block of wood, attached to a person or animal to hinder motion.
    • 1663, [Samuel Butler], “The Second Part of Hudibras”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, OCLC 890163163; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge: University Press, 1905, OCLC 963614346, canto 3:
      Yet as a Dog committed close / For some offence, by chance breaks loose, / And quits his Clog; but all in vain, / He still draws after him his Chain.
    • 1855, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, “The Letters” in Maud, and Other Poems, London: Edward Moxon, p. 115,
      A clog of lead was round my feet / A band of pain across my brow;
  5. That which hinders or impedes motion; an encumbrance, restraint, or impediment of any kind.
    • 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene vi], page 45:
      The grand Conſpirator, Abbot of Weſtminster, / With clog of Conſcience, and ſowre Melancholly / Hath yeelded up his body to the graue;
    • 1777, Edmund Burke, A Letter from Edmund Burke: Esq; one of the representatives in Parliament for the city of Bristol, to John Farr and John Harris, Esqrs. sheriffs of that city, on the Affairs of America, London: J. Dodsley, p. 8,
      All the ancient, honest, juridical principles and institutions of England, are so many clogs to check and retard the headlong course of violence and oppression.
    • 1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter LIV, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], OCLC 1000392275, pages 69–70:
      By the same rule, they must send your mamma her travelling expences, miss; she can't have the clog of a couple of grown daughters at her heels without money in her pocket.
    • 1864 August – 1866 January, [Elizabeth] Gaskell, chapter 56, in Wives and Daughters. An Every-day Story. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], published 1866, OCLC 83344188:
      If we were as rich as your uncle, I should feel it to be both a duty and a pleasure to keep an elegant table; but limited means are a sad clog to one’s wishes.

Derived terms

  • clever clogs
  • clog almanac
  • clog dance
  • clogless
  • cloglike
  • clogs to clogs in three generations
  • clog wog
  • pop one's clogs
  • shot-clog
  • Yule clog

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

clog (third-person singular simple present clogs, present participle clogging, simple past and past participle clogged)

  1. To block or slow passage through (often with 'up').
    Hair is clogging the drainpipe.
    The roads are clogged up with traffic.
  2. To encumber or load, especially with something that impedes motion; to hamper.
    • 1717, John Dryden [et al.], “(please specify |book=I to XV)”, in Ovid’s Metamorphoses in Fifteen Books. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 731548838:
      The wings of winds were clogged with ice and snow.
  3. To burden; to trammel; to embarrass; to perplex.
    • 1705, J[oseph] Addison, Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, &c. in the Years 1701, 1702, 1703, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 1051505315:
      The commodities […] are clogged with impositions.
    • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene vi]:
      You'll rue the time / That clogs me with this answer.
  4. (law) To enforce a mortgage lender right that prevents a borrower from exercising a right to redeem.
    • 1973, Humble Oil & Refining Co. v. Doerr, 123 N.J. Super. 530, 544, 303 A.2d 898.
      For centuries it has been the rule that a mortgagor’s equity of redemption cannot be clogged and that he cannot, as a part of the original mortgage transaction, cut off or surrender his right to redeem. Any agreement which does so is void and unenforceable [sic] as against public policy.
  5. (intransitive) To perform a clog dance.
    • 2014, Jeff Abbott, Cut and Run:
      And in a burst of Celtic drums and fiddles, a bosomy colleen with a jaunty green hat and suit jacket riverdanced onto the stage, clogging with a surprising degree of expertise, barely restrained breasts jiggling.

Derived terms

  • anticlog
  • cloggable
  • cloggy
  • clog up
  • declog
  • nonclogging
  • unclog
  • uncloggable

Translations

References

  1. Transactions of the Philological Society. (1899). United Kingdom: Society, p. 657

Anagrams

  • G-LOC

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish cloc, from Old Irish cloc, from Proto-Celtic *klokkos (“bell”). Doublet of clóca.

Pronunciation

  • (Munster) IPA(key): /kl̪ˠɔɡ/
  • (Connacht) IPA(key): /klˠɔɡ/, /kl̪ˠɔɡ/
  • (Ulster) IPA(key): /klˠʌɡ/, /kl̪ˠʌɡ/

Noun

clog m (genitive singular cloig, nominative plural cloig)

  1. bell
  2. clock
  3. blowball, clock (of dandelion)
  4. blister

Declension

Declension of clog

First declension

Bare forms:

CaseSingularPlural
Nominativeclogcloig
Vocativea chloiga chloga
Genitivecloigclog
Dativeclogcloig

Forms with the definite article:

CaseSingularPlural
Nominativean clogna cloig
Genitivean chloigna gclog
Dativeleis an gclog

don chlog

leis na cloig
  • Alternative plural: cloganna (Cois Fharraige)

Derived terms

  • a chlog (“o'clock”)
  • clogach (“stunning, deafening; blistered”)
  • clogad (“helmet”)
  • clog adamhach (“atomic clock”)
  • clogaire (“bell ringer”)
  • clogán (“small bell; small blister”)
  • clogás m (“bell tower, belfry”)
  • clog cuaiche (“cuckoo clock”)
  • clogra (“chimes”)

Verb

clog (present analytic clogann, future analytic clogfaidh, verbal noun clogadh, past participle clogtha)

  1. (intransitive) ring a bell
  2. (transitive) stun with noise
  3. (intransitive) blister

Conjugation

First Conjugation (A)
singularpluralrelativeautonomous
firstsecondthirdfirstsecondthird
indicativepresentclogaimclogann tú;
clogair†		clogann sé, síclogaimidclogann sibhclogann siad;
clogaid†		a chlogann; a chlogas /
a gclogann*; a gclogas*		clogtar
pastchlog mé; chlogaschlog tú; chlogaischlog sé, síchlogamar; chlog muidchlog sibh; chlogabhairchlog siad; chlogadara chlog /
ar chlog*		clogadh
past habitualchlogainn / gclogainn‡‡chlogtá / gclogtᇇchlogadh sé, sí / gclogadh sé, s퇇chlogaimis; chlogadh muid / gclogaimis‡‡; gclogadh muid‡‡chlogadh sibh / gclogadh sibh‡‡chlogaidís; chlogadh siad / gclogaidís‡‡; gclogadh siad‡‡a chlogadh /
a gclogadh*		chlogtaí / gclogta퇇
futureclogfaidh mé;
clogfad		clogfaidh tú;
clogfair†		clogfaidh sé, síclogfaimid;
clogfaidh muid		clogfaidh sibhclogfaidh siad;
clogfaid†		a chlogfaidh; a chlogfas /
a gclogfaidh*; a gclogfas*		clogfar
conditionalchlogfainn / gclogfainn‡‡chlogfá / gclogfᇇchlogfadh sé, sí / gclogfadh sé, s퇇chlogfaimis; chlogfadh muid / gclogfaimis‡‡; gclogfadh muid‡‡chlogfadh sibh / gclogfadh sibh‡‡chlogfaidís; chlogfadh siad / gclogfaidís‡‡; gclogfadh siad‡‡a chlogfadh /
a gclogfadh*		chlogfaí / gclogfa퇇
subjunctivepresentgo gcloga mé;
go gclogad†		go gcloga tú;
go gclogair†		go gcloga sé, sígo gclogaimid;
go gcloga muid		go gcloga sibhgo gcloga siad;
go gclogaid†		—go gclogtar
pastdá gclogainndá gclogtádá gclogadh sé, sídá gclogaimis;
dá gclogadh muid		dá gclogadh sibhdá gclogaidís;
dá gclogadh siad		—dá gclogtaí
imperativeclogaimclogclogadh sé, síclogaimisclogaigí;
clogaidh†		clogaidís—clogtar
verbal nounclogadh
past participleclogtha

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionEclipsis
clogchloggclog
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “clog”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “clog”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 150
  • Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “clogaim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 151
  • G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “cloc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  • Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 43
  • Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 21

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *klog, from Proto-Celtic *klukā. Cognate with Irish cloch, Scottish Gaelic clach.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kloːɡ/
  • Rhymes: -oːɡ

Noun

clog f (plural clogau)

  1. cliff, rockface

Derived terms

  • clogwyn (“cliff”)
  • clegyr (“rock, crag”)

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radicalsoftnasalaspirate
clogglognghlogchlog
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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