cloch
Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish cloch, from Proto-Celtic *klukā (compare Welsh clog).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kl̪ˠɔx/, /klˠɔx/
Noun
cloch f (genitive singular cloiche, nominative plural clocha)
- stone (substance; small piece of stone; central part of some fruits, consisting of the seed and a hard endocarp layer)
- (Christianity) bead (in a rosary)
- hard lump
- (anatomy) testicle
- Synonyms: caid, magairle, úirí
- stone (unit of mass)
- Synonym: cloch mheáchain
- rocky shore
- rocky island
- (stone) castle
Declension
Second declension
Bare forms
| Forms with the definite article
|
Derived terms
- binse cloiche m (“rock shelf”)
- clocha briste f pl (“road-metal”)
- clocha cóirithe f pl (“ashlars”)
- cloch adhmainte f (“lodestone”)
- clocha fuail f pl (“gravel”)
- cloch altóra f (“altar-stone”)
- cloch ancaire f (“anchor stone”)
- cloch aoil f (“limestone”)
- clocha saoirseachta f pl (“building-stones”)
- cloch bhoinn f (“foundation stone”)
- cloch bhró f (“millstone”)
- cloch bhua f (“precious stone”)
- cloch chairéil f (“quarry-stone”)
- cloch cheangail f (“bond-stone”)
- cloch chinn f (“headstone”)
- cloch choirnéil f (“corner-stone”)
- cloch chora f (“stepping-stone”)
- cloch chormaic f (“(type of) granite”)
- cloch chúinne f (“corner-stone”)
- cloch chumaisc f (“pudding-stone”)
- cloch dhín f (“cope-stone”)
- cloch dhomlais f (“gall-stone”)
- cloch dhuáin f (“kidney-stone”)
- cloch dhuirlinge f (“cobble-stone”)
- cloch eibhir f (“granite”)
- cloch fhaobhair f (“whetstone, hone”)
- cloch fhorbháis f (“perched stone”)
- cloch ghabhála f (“fulcrum (stone)”)
- cloch ghainimh f (“sandstone”)
- cloch ghallúnaí f (“soap-stone”)
- cloch ghlas f (“greenstone; whinstone”)
- cloch ghorm f (“blue-stone”)
- cloch ghreama f (“bond-stone”)
- cloch ghréine f (“quartz”)
- cloch ghualainne f (“heavy casting-stone”)
- cloch líofa f (“whetstone, hone”)
- cloch lómhar f (“precious stone”)
- cloch luachmhar f (“precious stone”)
- cloch mhíle f (“milestone”)
- cloch mhuilinn f (“millstone”)
- cloch mhullaigh f (“cope-stone”)
- cloch nirt f (“heavy casting-stone”)
- cloch phaidrín f (“bead of rosary”)
- cloch phluma f (“plum-stone”)
- cloch phréacháin f (“cope-stone”)
- cloch reatha f (“rolling stone”)
- cloch róid f (“anchor stone”)
- cloch scáil f (“quartz”)
- cloch sceimhil f (“drip-stone”)
- cloch shalainn f (“rock salt”)
- cloch shileáin f (“drip-stone”)
- cloch shilín f (“cherry-stone”)
- cloch shneachta f (“hailstone”)
- cloch shópa f (“soap-stone”)
- cloch speile f (“scythe-stone”)
- cloch spideoige f (“cope-stone”)
- cloch tharraingthe f (“light casting-stone”)
- cloch theampaill f (“taciturn person”)
- cloch théide f (“anchor stone”)
- cloch theorann f (“boundary stone”)
- cloch thine f (“flint”)
- cloch uasal f (“precious stone”)
- obair chloiche f (“stone-work”)
- órchloch f (“philosopher’s stone”)
Verb
cloch (present analytic clochann, future analytic clochfaidh, verbal noun clochadh, past participle clochta)
- (transitive) stone
Conjugation
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative | present | clochaim | clochann tú; clochair† | clochann sé, sí | clochaimid | clochann sibh | clochann siad; clochaid† | a chlochann; a chlochas / a gclochann*; a gclochas* | clochtar |
past | chloch mé; chlochas | chloch tú; chlochais | chloch sé, sí | chlochamar; chloch muid | chloch sibh; chlochabhair | chloch siad; chlochadar | a chloch / ar chloch* | clochadh | |
past habitual | chlochainn / gclochainn‡‡ | chlochtá / gclochtᇇ | chlochadh sé, sí / gclochadh sé, s퇇 | chlochaimis; chlochadh muid / gclochaimis‡‡; gclochadh muid‡‡ | chlochadh sibh / gclochadh sibh‡‡ | chlochaidís; chlochadh siad / gclochaidís‡‡; gclochadh siad‡‡ | a chlochadh / a gclochadh* | chlochtaí / gclochta퇇 | |
future | clochfaidh mé; clochfad | clochfaidh tú; clochfair† | clochfaidh sé, sí | clochfaimid; clochfaidh muid | clochfaidh sibh | clochfaidh siad; clochfaid† | a chlochfaidh; a chlochfas / a gclochfaidh*; a gclochfas* | clochfar | |
conditional | chlochfainn / gclochfainn‡‡ | chlochfá / gclochfᇇ | chlochfadh sé, sí / gclochfadh sé, s퇇 | chlochfaimis; chlochfadh muid / gclochfaimis‡‡; gclochfadh muid‡‡ | chlochfadh sibh / gclochfadh sibh‡‡ | chlochfaidís; chlochfadh siad / gclochfaidís‡‡; gclochfadh siad‡‡ | a chlochfadh / a gclochfadh* | chlochfaí / gclochfa퇇 | |
subjunctive | present | go gclocha mé; go gclochad† | go gclocha tú; go gclochair† | go gclocha sé, sí | go gclochaimid; go gclocha muid | go gclocha sibh | go gclocha siad; go gclochaid† | — | go gclochtar |
past | dá gclochainn | dá gclochtá | dá gclochadh sé, sí | dá gclochaimis; dá gclochadh muid | dá gclochadh sibh | dá gclochaidís; dá gclochadh siad | — | dá gclochtaí | |
imperative | clochaim | cloch | clochadh sé, sí | clochaimis | clochaigí; clochaidh† | clochaidís | — | clochtar | |
verbal noun | clochadh | ||||||||
past participle | clochta |
* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Descendants
- → Yola: clouk, klouk
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
cloch | chloch | gcloch |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “cloch”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “cloch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Entries containing “cloch” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “cloch” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
- Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 58
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *klukā (“stone”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /klox/
Noun
cloch f
- stone, rock
- stone (as material)
- precious stone, gem
- (Christianity) bead (in a rosary)
- something built of stone, castle, fortress, stronghold
Inflection
Feminine ā-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | clochL | cloichL | clochaH |
Vocative | clochL | cloichL | clochaH |
Accusative | cloichN | cloichL | clochaH |
Genitive | cloicheH | clochL | clochN |
Dative | cloichL | clochaib | clochaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Derived terms
- clochach (“stony, rocky”, adjective)
- clochaid (“stones; covers with stones”, verb)
- clochamail (“stony, unyielding”, adjective)
- clochán m (“paved road or causeway”)
- clochar m (“stony place”)
- clochda (“made of stone, stony”, adjective)
Descendants
- Irish: cloch
- Manx: clagh
- Scottish Gaelic: clach
Mutation
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
cloch | chloch | cloch pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/ |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “cloch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈklot͡ʃ/ [ˈklot͡ʃ]
- Rhymes: -otʃ
- Syllabification: cloch
Noun
cloch m (plural cloches)
- Alternative form of cloche
Welsh
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *klokkos (“bell”) (compare Cornish clogh, Breton kloc'h, Old Irish cloc, Irish clog), of onomatopoeic origin. Doublet of cloc (“clock”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kloːχ/
- Rhymes: -oːχ
Noun
cloch f (plural clych or clychau or clochau)
- bell
- (figuratively) someone who praises or proclaims
- (figuratively) bell-shaped object, especially bubble
- (figuratively) bell-like sound or noise, vociferation
- prize, feat
- o'clock, of the clock
- Synonym: o'r gloch
Derived terms
- cloch aberth (“sacring-bell”)
- cloch adarwr (“low-bell, bell used in fowling at night”)
- cloch Afi (“Avel-bell”)
- cloch angladd (“death-bell, passing-bell”)
- cloch (a)larwm (“alarm-bell, warning bell”)
- cloch alw (“alarm-bell, call-bell; Sanctus bell”)
- cloch (ar) ddwfr (“bubble”)
- clochau babis (“hare-bells; daffodils”)
- cloch dân (“fire-alarm”)
- cloch drydan (“electric bell”)
- cloch dyn marw (“passing-bell, death-bell”)
- cloch enaid (“passing-bell”, literally “soul bell”)
- cloch fach, cloch bach (“sanctus bell”, literally “little bell”)
- cloch fach yn y glust (“a ringing or tingling in the ear, believed in some parts to be a premonition of death in one's family”, literally “a little bell in the ear”)
- cloch ginio (“dinner-bell”)
- cloch gnùl (“passing-bell, knell”)
- cloch hwyrol (“curfew bell”)
- cloch iâ (“icicle”)
- cloch las (“campanula; blue-bell, hare-bell”)
- cloch law (“hand-bell”)
- cloch maban (“snowdrop”)
- cloch offeren (“sacring-bell”)
- cloch osber (“vesper bell”)
- cloch rybudd (“alarm bell”)
- cloch soddi, cloch suddo (“diving-bell”)
- cloch wasanaeth (“church-bell summoning to divine service”)
- cloch (y) baban (“snowdrop”)
- cloch (y) drws (“door-bell”)
- cloch y ffair (“bell rung to announce the commencement of a fair or market”)
- cloch y llan (“church-bell”)
- cloch yr eglwys (“church-bell”)
- cloch (yr) eos (“hare-bells, wild hyacinth”)
- cloch yr ymadrodd (“the uvula, epiglottis”)
- clychau Bangor (“hare-bells”, literally “Bangor bells”)
- clychau Llundain (“Canterbury bells, bellflowers, throatwort”, literally “London bells”)
- clychau'r bugail (“hare-bells”, literally “shepherd's bells”)
- clychau'r gog (“blue-bells”)
- clychau'r tylwyth teg (“hare-bells, blue-bells”)
- clych Enid (“lily of the valley, May-lily”)
- clych glaw (“rain drops, bubbles of rain”)
- clych tawch (“fog-bells”)
- clych y cerrig (“cup-lichen, cup-moss”)
- clych y march (“yellow rattle”)
- clych y perthi (“Canterbury bells, hedge-bells, hedge-bindweed”)
Mutation
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
cloch | gloch | nghloch | chloch |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cloch”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies