cliver
See also: Cliver
English
Adjective
cliver
- (obsolete or dialectal) clever
- 1918, Harold Bindloss, The Buccaneer Farmer:
- There's ways a cliver agent can run up a reckoning, and when you want Mireside I'll have to gan." "
- 1893, Robert Michael Ballantyne, The World of Ice:
- "Ah, but it's a cliver trick, no doubt of it."
- 1861, George Eliot, Silas Marner:
- For I've often a deal inside me as'll never come out; and for what you talk o' your folks in your old country niver saying prayers by heart nor saying 'em out of a book, they must be wonderful cliver; for if I didn't know "Our Father", and little bits o' good words as I can carry out o' church wi' me, I might down o' my knees every night, but nothing could I say."
- 1831, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, Eugene Aram, Complete:
- Oh, they be cliver creturs, and they'll do what they likes with old Nick, when they gets there, for 'tis the old gentlemen they cozens the best; and then," continued the Corporal, waxing more and more loquacious, for his appetite in talking grew with that it fed on,--"then there be another set o' queer folks you'll see in Lunnon, Sir, that is, if you falls in with 'em,--hang all together, quite in a clink.
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French
Etymology
16th century, from Dutch klieven, of Germanic origin. More at English cleave.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kli.ve/
Audio (file)
Verb
cliver
- to cleave (split)
- Le minéral se clive en formes régulières délimitées par les plans de clivage.
Conjugation
Conjugation of cliver (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | cliver | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | clivant /kli.vɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | clivé /kli.ve/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | clive /kliv/ | clives /kliv/ | clive /kliv/ | clivons /kli.vɔ̃/ | clivez /kli.ve/ | clivent /kliv/ |
| imperfect | clivais /kli.vɛ/ | clivais /kli.vɛ/ | clivait /kli.vɛ/ | clivions /kli.vjɔ̃/ | cliviez /kli.vje/ | clivaient /kli.vɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | clivai /kli.ve/ | clivas /kli.va/ | cliva /kli.va/ | clivâmes /kli.vam/ | clivâtes /kli.vat/ | clivèrent /kli.vɛʁ/ | |
| future | cliverai /kli.vʁe/ | cliveras /kli.vʁa/ | clivera /kli.vʁa/ | cliverons /kli.vʁɔ̃/ | cliverez /kli.vʁe/ | cliveront /kli.vʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | cliverais /kli.vʁɛ/ | cliverais /kli.vʁɛ/ | cliverait /kli.vʁɛ/ | cliverions /kli.və.ʁjɔ̃/ | cliveriez /kli.və.ʁje/ | cliveraient /kli.vʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | clive /kliv/ | clives /kliv/ | clive /kliv/ | clivions /kli.vjɔ̃/ | cliviez /kli.vje/ | clivent /kliv/ |
| imperfect2 | clivasse /kli.vas/ | clivasses /kli.vas/ | clivât /kli.va/ | clivassions /kli.va.sjɔ̃/ | clivassiez /kli.va.sje/ | clivassent /kli.vas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | clive /kliv/ | — | clivons /kli.vɔ̃/ | clivez /kli.ve/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- clivage
References
- Etymology and history of “cliver”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Further reading
- “cliver”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Scots
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈklɪvər/
Adjective
cliver (comparative cliverer, superlative cliverest)
- swift, quick, speedy
- handsome, well-made