clino

clino

See also: clino- and -clino

Italian

Noun

clino m (plural clini)

1. (especially in combination) cline

Anagrams

• cloni

---

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *kleināō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱley-, from *ḱel- (“to incline”) +‎ *-éyti (*éy-present suffix). Although clearly a nasal present, a nasal present of Proto-Indo-European date would be *ḱl̥-n-i-, which would not give the attested Latin form. According to De Vaan[1], the nasal present was re-formed as *ḱli-n- in pre-Italic, a change shared also by other Indo-European languages. The long vowel could be by analogy with the perfect, and may be of Italic date.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈkliː.noː/, [ˈklʲiːnoː]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈkli.no/, [ˈkliːno]

Verb

clīnō (present infinitive clīnāre, perfect active clīnāvī, supine clīnātum); first conjugation

1. (rare, nonstandard except as past participle) I bend, incline
   • 1st century BC, Titus Lucretius Carus; in: De rerum natura libri sex: quibus interpretationem et notas addidit Thomas Creech, collegii omnium animarum olim socius. Accedunt variae lectiones IV. edd. antiquissimarum necnon annotationes R. Bentleii, Oxonii, e typographeo Clarendoniano, 1818, page 85f.:

     Quare etiam atque etiam paullum clinare necesse 'st
     Corpora, nec plus quam minimum, ne fingere motus
     Obliquos videamur, et id res vera refutet.

     (In note 243 to this quote the editor clarifies: “Alii, inclinare; sed quis clinare rejiceret, qui clinamen, v. 292. admittit?”)

   • 1687, Jean-Jacques Magnet, Pharmacopoea Schroedero-Hoffmanniana illustrataet aucta, p. 306:

     Optime est Botritis, densa, modice grauis, & in laevitatem magis clinans […]

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

Usage notes

• In Classical Latin, this is only found with certainty as a past participle clīnātus.
• Some older editions of classical texts seem to attest various inflected forms of this verb (clīnāre (Lucretius), clīnāvit (Petronius), ... ) which seem to have been corrected to different forms (prefixed, or to different words altogether) in modern editions.
• In New Latin, the word is very rarely found, possibly as a back-formation from the prefixed forms.

Conjugation

Conjugation of clīnō (first conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	clīnō	clīnās	clīnat	clīnāmus	clīnātis	clīnant
	imperfect	clīnābam	clīnābās	clīnābat	clīnābāmus	clīnābātis	clīnābant
	future	clīnābō	clīnābis	clīnābit	clīnābimus	clīnābitis	clīnābunt
	perfect	clīnāvī	clīnāvistī	clīnāvit	clīnāvimus	clīnāvistis	clīnāvērunt, clīnāvēre
	pluperfect	clīnāveram	clīnāverās	clīnāverat	clīnāverāmus	clīnāverātis	clīnāverant
	future perfect	clīnāverō	clīnāveris	clīnāverit	clīnāverimus	clīnāveritis	clīnāverint
passive	present	clīnor	clīnāris, clīnāre	clīnātur	clīnāmur	clīnāminī	clīnantur
	imperfect	clīnābar	clīnābāris, clīnābāre	clīnābātur	clīnābāmur	clīnābāminī	clīnābantur
	future	clīnābor	clīnāberis, clīnābere	clīnābitur	clīnābimur	clīnābiminī	clīnābuntur
	perfect	clīnātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	clīnātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	clīnātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	clīnem	clīnēs	clīnet	clīnēmus	clīnētis	clīnent
	imperfect	clīnārem	clīnārēs	clīnāret	clīnārēmus	clīnārētis	clīnārent
	perfect	clīnāverim	clīnāverīs	clīnāverit	clīnāverīmus	clīnāverītis	clīnāverint
	pluperfect	clīnāvissem	clīnāvissēs	clīnāvisset	clīnāvissēmus	clīnāvissētis	clīnāvissent
passive	present	clīner	clīnēris, clīnēre	clīnētur	clīnēmur	clīnēminī	clīnentur
	imperfect	clīnārer	clīnārēris, clīnārēre	clīnārētur	clīnārēmur	clīnārēminī	clīnārentur
	perfect	clīnātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	clīnātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	clīnā	—	—	clīnāte	—
	future	—	clīnātō	clīnātō	—	clīnātōte	clīnantō
passive	present	—	clīnāre	—	—	clīnāminī	—
	future	—	clīnātor	clīnātor	—	—	clīnantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		clīnāre	clīnāvisse	clīnātūrum esse	clīnārī	clīnātum esse	clīnātum īrī
participles		clīnāns	—	clīnātūrus	—	clīnātus	clīnandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		clīnandī	clīnandō	clīnandum	clīnandō	clīnātum	clīnātū

Derived terms

• acclīnō / adclīnō
• clīnāmen
• clīnātus
• dēclīnō
• inclīnō
• prōclīnō
• reclīnō

Related terms

• clīvus

Descendants

• → Esperanto: klini
• Italian: chinare
• Old French: cliner
• Piedmontese: chiné

References

1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

• “clino”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• clino in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette