clavus

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin clāvus (“a nail”). Doublet of clove.

Pronunciation

Rhymes: -eɪvəs

Noun

clavus (plural clavuses or clavi)

A callous growth, especially on the foot; a corn.
- 1988, Shepard R. Hurwitz, Foot and ankle pain (page 331)
  In a review of over 1000 interdigital clavuses, 65% were found in the fourth interspace, while the first and third web space clavuses were found in 17% and 16% of the patients respectively […]

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *klāwos, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u- (“nail, pin, hook - instruments, of old use for locking doors”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κλείς (kleís, “key”) and Old Church Slavonic ключь (ključĭ, “key”). Latin clāvis (“key”) is either a secondary i-stem derivation, or a loanword from Ancient Greek κληΐς (klēḯs).

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈklaː.u̯us/, [ˈkɫ̪äːu̯ʊs̠]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈkla.vus/, [ˈkläːvus]

Noun

clāvus m (genitive clāvī); second declension

a nail (metal spike)
rudder
helm (of a boat)
purple stripe on the tunic
callus, wart, tumor

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	clāvus	clāvī
Genitive	clāvī	clāvōrum
Dative	clāvō	clāvīs
Accusative	clāvum	clāvōs
Ablative	clāvō	clāvīs
Vocative	clāve	clāvī

Derived terms

angusticlāvius
clāvārius
clāvellus
clāvicātus
clāvō
clāvulus
clāvus ligneus ("peg")
conclāvō
*inclāvō
lāticlāvus
praeclavium

Related terms

clāvārium
clāvātus
clāvulāris
conclāvātiō
conclāvātus
*inclāvātus
lāticlāviālis
lāticlāvium
lāticlāvius

Descendants

Italo-Romance:
- Istriot: ciuodo
- Old Italian: chiavo, chiovo
  - Italian: chiodo (influenced by chiudere 'shut')
- Sicilian: chiovu
Sardinian:
- crau, cravu, giau
Padanian:
- Emilian: ciold, ciod
- Friulian: claud
- Ligurian: tšọu
- Old Lombard: chiouo
- Piedmontese: ciòv, ciò
- Venetian: ciodo, clold (medieval)
Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Franco-Provençal: cllou
- Old French: clou
  - French: clou
  - → English: clove
- Walloon: clå
Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Aragonese: clau, cllau (Ribagorçan)
- Catalan: clau
- Occitan: clau
Ibero-Romance:
- Asturian: clavu, clau
- Galician: cravo
- Portuguese: cravo
- Spanish: clavo
Borrowed:
- → Old Italian: clavo

References

“clavus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“clavus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
clavus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
clavus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to hold the reins of government: clavum rei publicae tenere
- to steer: clavum tenere
“clavus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
“clavus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911), “clavus”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 158
Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “clavus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2: C Q K, page 768

Romanian

Etymology

From French clavus or Latin clavus.

Noun

clavus n (plural clavusuri)

clavus

Declension

Declension of clavus

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) clavus	clavusul	(niște) clavusuri	clavusurile
genitive/dative	(unui) clavus	clavusului	(unor) clavusuri	clavusurilor
vocative	clavusule		clavusurilor