clarus
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, shout”), probably via Proto-Italic *klāros (“loud”), containing the suffix *-ros (compare Latin -er postconsonantally).[1] Cognate with Latin calō, clāmō, classis, concilium, Ancient Greek καλέω (kaléō).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈklaː.rus/, [ˈkɫ̪äːrʊs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈkla.rus/, [ˈkläːrus]
Adjective
clārus (feminine clāra, neuter clārum, comparative clārior, superlative clārissimus, adverb clārē); first/second-declension adjective
- clear, bright
- Synonym: lūcidus
- Antonyms: obscūrus, opācus
- renowned, famous, illustrious
- Synonyms: fāmōsus, praeclārus, inclitus, celeber, memorātus
- upstanding, respected
- loud, clear, distinct, audible
Declension
First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | clārus | clāra | clārum | clārī | clārae | clāra | |
| Genitive | clārī | clārae | clārī | clārōrum | clārārum | clārōrum | |
| Dative | clārō | clārō | clārīs | ||||
| Accusative | clārum | clāram | clārum | clārōs | clārās | clāra | |
| Ablative | clārō | clārā | clārō | clārīs | |||
| Vocative | clāre | clāra | clārum | clārī | clārae | clāra | |
Derived terms
- clārē
- clārēdō
- clāreō
- clāricitō
- clāricō
- clārificō
- clārificus
- clārigenus
- clārigō
- clārisonus
- clāritās
- clāritūdō
- clārividus
- clārō
- inclārus
- praeclārus
Related terms
- acclārō
- clārescō
- clārificātiō
- clārificātus
- clārigātiō
- clāror
- dēclārātiō
- dēclārātīvus
- dēclārātor
- dēclārō
- exclārō
- perclārescō
- praeclāreō
- praeclāritās
- praeclāriter
- praeclārō
Descendants
- Balkan-Romance:
- Istro-Romanian: cľår
- Romanian: chiar
- → Romanian: clar
- Italo-Romance:
- Italian: chiaro
- Sicilian: chiaru, ciaru
- Padanian:
- Friulian: clâr
- Emilian: cèr, ciär
- Ligurian: ciæo
- Lombard: ciar, cèr
- Piedmontese: ciair, cèir, cèr
- Romansch: clar, cler
- Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Franco-Provençal: cllâr, clâr
- Old French: cler
- French: clair
- → Middle English: clere
- → English: clear
- → Scots: clair
- → Middle Dutch: claer
- → Dutch: klaar
- → Middle Low German: klār
- → German: klar
- → Old Norse: klárr
- Danish: klar
- → Norwegian Bokmål: klar
- → Norwegian Nynorsk: klar, klår
- → Swedish: klar
- Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Aragonese: claro
- Belsetán: clar
- Benasqués: cllaro
- Catalan: clar; cllar (northwestern)
- Old Occitan: clar
- Occitan: clar
- Aragonese: claro
- Ibero-romance:
- Asturian: claru
- Leonese: craru
- Old Portuguese: claro, craro
- Galician: claro, craro
- Portuguese: claro
- Spanish: claro
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: ciaru, claru, craru, giaru
- → Albanian: qartë
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “clārus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 117–118
Further reading
- “clarus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “clarus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- clarus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- clarus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to become famous, distinguish oneself: clarum fieri, nobilitari, illustrari (not the post-classical clarescere or inclarescere
- a good,[1] brilliant example; a striking example: exemplum clarum, praeclarum
- a strong, loud voice: vox magna, clara (Sulla 10. 30)
- men of rank and dignity: viri clari et honorati (De Sen. 7. 22)
- to become famous, distinguish oneself: clarum fieri, nobilitari, illustrari (not the post-classical clarescere or inclarescere
- “clarus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- clarus in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
- “clarus”, in William Smith, editor (1848) A Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
- “clarus”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly