civil
English
Etymology
From Middle English cyvyl, civil, borrowed from Old French civil, from Latin cīvīlis (“relating to a citizen”), from cīvis (“citizen”). Cognate with Old English hīwen (“household”), hīrǣden (“family”). More at hind; hird. Doublet of civic.
Pronunciation
- enPR: ʹsĭv-əl IPA(key): /ˈsɪv.əl/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɪvəl
Adjective
civil (comparative more civil, superlative most civil)
- (not comparable) Having to do with people and government office as opposed to the military or religion.
- She went into civil service because she wanted to help the people.
- (comparable) Behaving in a reasonable or polite manner.
- It was very civil of him to stop the argument.
- Antonyms: anti-civil, impolite, inconsiderate, noncivil, rude
- (archaic) In a peaceful and well-ordered state.
- 1593, anonymous, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw […], Act I:
- Herein thou haſt done good ſeruice to thy country:
VVere all inhumaine ſlaues ſo ſerued as he,
England would be ciuill, and from all ſuch dealings free.
-
- (law) Relating to private relations among citizens, as opposed to criminal matters.
- a civil case
- Secular.
- 1680, A Practical Discourse of Regeneration:
- As if our Saviour had said, No man can enter into heaven except he be born again; so as he speaketh not only of notorious Sinners, as Adulterers, Drunkards, Swearers, & c. but of all who are in their natural condition, tho' they live never so unblameably, free from scandalous sins, if they be not born again, their civil Righteousness will do them little good, for they shall never see the Kingdom of God.
- 2008, Jerald Finney, God Betrayed, →ISBN, page 174:
- The word from which "evil" in Romans 13.4 is translated means "generally opposed to civil goodness or virtue, in a commonwealth, and not to spiritual good, or religion, in the church.
- 2013, John Calvin, Calvin's Complete Commentary, Volume 7: Acts to Ephesians:
- Some grammarians explain this passage as referring to a civil sanctity, in respect of the children being reckoned legitimate, but in this respect the condition of unbelievers is in no degree worse.
-
Derived terms
- civil action
- civil aviation
- civil celebrant
- civil code
- civil court
- civil day
- civil death
- civil defence
- civil defense
- civil disobedience
- civil enforcement officer
- civil engineer
- civil engineering
- civilian
- civilist
- civility
- civil law
- civil law notary
- civil liberties
- civil liberty
- civil list
- civilly
- civil marriage
- civil parish
- civil partner
- civil partnership
- civil power
- civil procedure
- civil registry
- civil rightist
- civil rights
- civil rights movement
- civil servant
- civil-service
- civil service
- civil society
- civil suit
- civil time
- civil tongue
- civil trial
- civil twilight
- civil union
- civil violation
- civil war
- civil wrong
- civil year
- keep a civil tongue
- keep a civil tongue in one's head
- keep a civil tongue in one's mouth
- minor civil division
- put a civil tongue in one's head
- put a civil tongue in one's mouth
Related terms
- civic
- civilization
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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References
- civil at OneLook Dictionary Search
- civil in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
- civil in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911
Anagrams
- clivi
Asturian
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis.
Adjective
civil (epicene, plural civiles)
- civil, civilian
Derived terms
- civilización
- guerra civil
- xunión civil
References
- "civil" in Diccionariu de la Llingua Asturiana
Catalan
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Valencian) IPA(key): /siˈvil/
- (Central) IPA(key): /siˈbil/
Adjective
civil (masculine and feminine plural civils)
- civil
- Antonym: incivil
- civilian
- Antonym: militar
Derived terms
- civilització
- civilitzar
- civilment
- guerra civil
- unió civil
Related terms
- civilitat
Noun
civil m or f (plural civils)
- A member of the guàrdia civil.
- (colloquial) A preserved sardine.
- Synonym: arengada
Further reading
- “civil” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Chinese
Etymology
From clipping of English civil engineering.
Pronunciation
Noun
civil
- (Hong Kong Cantonese) civil engineering; civil engineer
References
- English Loanwords in Hong Kong Cantonese
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈt͡sɪvɪl]
Noun
civil m
- (informal) civilian (non-military person)
- Synonym: civilista
Related terms
- civilista
- civilizace
- civilizační
- civilizovaný
- civilizovat
- civilní
Further reading
- civil in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- civil in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
Danish
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /siˈviˀl/
Adjective
civil
- civil (all senses), civilian
Inflection
Inflection of civil | |||
---|---|---|---|
Positive | Comparative | Superlative | |
Common singular | civil | — | —2 |
Neuter singular | civilt | — | —2 |
Plural | civile | — | —2 |
Definite attributive1 | civile | — | — |
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively. |
Derived terms
- civiladministration
- civilarbejder
- civilbefolkning
- civilcourage
- civildommer
- civiletat
- civilforsvar
- civilforsvarsleder
- civilgarde
- civilgardist
- civilhortonom
- civilingeniør
- civilisation
- civilisationskritik
- civilisationssygdom
- civilisatorisk
- civilisere
- civiliseret
- civilisering
- civilist
- civilklædt
- civilkurage
- civilliste
- civilperson
- civilret
- civilretlig
- civilretslig
- civilsamfund
- civilstand
- civilundervisning
- civiløkonom
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /si.vil/
- Homophones: civile, civiles, civils
Audio (file)
Adjective
civil (feminine civile, masculine plural civils, feminine plural civiles)
- civil (war, marriage etc.)
- (politics) lay
- civilian
- (literary) civil, courteous, polite
Derived terms
- année civile
- civilisation
- civiliser
- civilité
- code civil
- désobéissance civile
- droit civil
- état civil
- génie civil
- guerre civile
- mariage civil
- pacte civil de solidarité
- partenariat civil
- service civil
- union civile
Related terms
- civique
- cité
Descendants
- Turkish: sivil
Noun
civil m (plural civils, feminine civile)
- civilian
Further reading
- “civil”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Galician
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis.
Adjective
civil m or f (plural civís)
- civil, civilian
Derived terms
- guerra civil
- unión civil
References
- "civil" in Real Academia Galega
Interlingua
Adjective
civil (not comparable)
- civil, civilian (not associated with the armed forces)
Norman
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis, from cīvis (“citizen”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to lie down, settle; home, family; love; beloved”).
Adjective
civil m
- (Jersey) polite
- (Jersey) civil
Derived terms
- dgèrre civile
Occitan
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis.
Pronunciation
Audio (Languedocien) (file)
Adjective
civil m (feminine singular civila, masculine plural civils, feminine plural civilas)
- civil
Derived terms
- guèrra civila
Portuguese
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis (“civil”), from cīvis (“citizen”). Doublet of cível.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /siˈviw/ [siˈviʊ̯]
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /siˈvil/ [siˈviɫ], /sɨˈvil/ [sɨˈviɫ]
- Rhymes: (Portugal) -il, (Brazil) -iw
- Hyphenation: ci‧vil
Adjective
civil m or f (plural civis)
- civil; civilian (not relating to the military or clergy)
- Se não quiser levar um tiro, use roupas civis. ― If you don’t want to be shot, use civilian clothing.
- civic (relating to citizens)
- Deves cumprir tua obrigação civil. ― You must perform your civic duty.
- Synonym: cívico
- Antonym: militar
- (law) relating to civil law
- Estudo direito civil. ― I study civil law.
- Synonym: cível
- Antonym: criminal
- occurring between the inhabitants of the same country
- Guerra civil. ― Civil war.
- civil (behaving in a reasonable or polite manner)
- Seja mais civil e pare de criticar as pessoas. ― Be more civil and stop criticising people.
- Synonyms: civilizado, cortês, educado, polido
- Antonyms: deseducado, grosseiro, deselegante, feio
Derived terms
- casado no civil
- casar no civil
- guerra civil
Noun
civil m or f by sense (plural civis)
- civilian, non-combatant (person who is not a member of the military, police or belligerent group)
Derived terms
- cível
- civelmente
- cívico
- civilidade
- civilismo
- civilista
- civilização
- civilizar
- civilmente
- civismo
Further reading
- “civil” in iDicionário Aulete.
- “civil” in Dicionário inFormal.
- “civil” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
- “civil” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2023.
- “civil” in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa.
- “civil” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.
Romanian
Alternative forms
- țivil (archaic and popular)
Etymology
Borrowed from French civil, Latin cīvīlis.
Adjective
civil m or n (feminine singular civilă, masculine plural civili, feminine and neuter plural civile)
- civil
Declension
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | ||
nominative/ accusative | indefinite | civil | civilă | civili | civile | ||
definite | civilul | civila | civilii | civilele | |||
genitive/ dative | indefinite | civil | civile | civili | civile | ||
definite | civilului | civilei | civililor | civilelor |
Noun
civil m (plural civili)
- civilian
Declension
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) civil | civilul | (niște) civili | civilii |
genitive/dative | (unui) civil | civilului | (unor) civili | civililor |
vocative | civilule | civililor |
Related terms
- cetate
- civilitate
- civiliza
- civilizație
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Borrowed from German Zivil, from French civil, from Latin cīvīlis (“civic, civil”), from cīvis (“citizen”).
Noun
cìvīl m (Cyrillic spelling цѝвӣл)
- civilian (not related to the military armed forces)
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | cìvīl | civili |
genitive | civíla | civila |
dative | civilu | civilima |
accusative | civila | civile |
vocative | civile | civili |
locative | civilu | civilima |
instrumental | civilom | civilima |
Spanish
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis (“civil, civic”), from cīvis (“citizen”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (Spain) /θiˈbil/ [θiˈβ̞il]
- IPA(key): (Latin America) /siˈbil/ [siˈβ̞il]
Audio (Latin America) (file) - Rhymes: -il
- Syllabification: ci‧vil
- Homophone: (Latin America) sibil
Adjective
civil (plural civiles, superlative civilísimo)
- civil (all senses)
Derived terms
- aviación civil
- civilizar
- civilmente
- código civil
- de civil
- derecho civil
- desobediencia civil
- estado civil
- guardia civil
- guerra civil
- matrimonio civil
- muerte civil
- posesión civil
- proceso civil
- registro civil
- servicio civil
- sociedad civil
- tribunal civil
- unión civil
Related terms
- ciudad
- cívico
- civilidad
- civilización
Further reading
- “civil”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin cīvīlis.
Adjective
civil
- civil; having to do with people and organizations outside military or police, sometimes also outside of other team-based activities, such as a professional sports team
Declension
Inflection of civil | |||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative2 |
Common singular | civil | — | — |
Neuter singular | civilt | — | — |
Plural | civila | — | — |
Masculine plural3 | civile | — | — |
Definite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Masculine singular1 | civile | — | — |
All | civila | — | — |
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic |