circumvallo
Latin
Etymology
From circum- + vallō.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /kir.kumˈwal.loː/, [kɪr.kʊmˈwal.loː]
Verb
circumvallō (present infinitive circumvallāre, perfect active circumvallāvī, supine circumvallātum); first conjugation
- I surround with a wall
- I blockade or besiege
- I beset
Inflection
| Conjugation of circumvallo (first conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | circumvallō | circumvallās | circumvallat | circumvallāmus | circumvallātis | circumvallant |
| imperfect | circumvallābam | circumvallābās | circumvallābat | circumvallābāmus | circumvallābātis | circumvallābant | |
| future | circumvallābō | circumvallābis | circumvallābit | circumvallābimus | circumvallābitis | circumvallābunt | |
| perfect | circumvallāvī | circumvallāvistī | circumvallāvit | circumvallāvimus | circumvallāvistis | circumvallāvērunt, circumvallāvēre | |
| pluperfect | circumvallāveram | circumvallāverās | circumvallāverat | circumvallāverāmus | circumvallāverātis | circumvallāverant | |
| future perfect | circumvallāverō | circumvallāveris | circumvallāverit | circumvallāverimus | circumvallāveritis | circumvallāverint | |
| passive | present | circumvallor | circumvallāris, circumvallāre | circumvallātur | circumvallāmur | circumvallāminī | circumvallantur |
| imperfect | circumvallābar | circumvallābāris, circumvallābāre | circumvallābātur | circumvallābāmur | circumvallābāminī | circumvallābantur | |
| future | circumvallābor | circumvallāberis, circumvallābere | circumvallābitur | circumvallābimur | circumvallābiminī | circumvallābuntur | |
| perfect | circumvallātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | circumvallātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | circumvallātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | circumvallem | circumvallēs | circumvallet | circumvallēmus | circumvallētis | circumvallent |
| imperfect | circumvallārem | circumvallārēs | circumvallāret | circumvallārēmus | circumvallārētis | circumvallārent | |
| perfect | circumvallāverim | circumvallāverīs | circumvallāverit | circumvallāverimus | circumvallāveritis | circumvallāverint | |
| pluperfect | circumvallāvissem | circumvallāvissēs | circumvallāvisset | circumvallāvissēmus | circumvallāvissētis | circumvallāvissent | |
| passive | present | circumvaller | circumvallēris, circumvallēre | circumvallētur | circumvallēmur | circumvallēminī | circumvallentur |
| imperfect | circumvallārer | circumvallārēris, circumvallārēre | circumvallārētur | circumvallārēmur | circumvallārēminī | circumvallārentur | |
| perfect | circumvallātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | circumvallātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | circumvallā | — | — | circumvallāte | — |
| future | — | circumvallātō | circumvallātō | — | circumvallātōte | circumvallantō | |
| passive | present | — | circumvallāre | — | — | circumvallāminī | — |
| future | — | circumvallātor | circumvallātor | — | — | circumvallantor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | circumvallāre | circumvallāvisse | circumvallātūrus esse | circumvallārī | circumvallātus esse | circumvallātum īrī | |
| participles | circumvallāns | — | circumvallātūrus | — | circumvallātus | circumvallandus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| nominative | genitive | dative/ablative | accusative | accusative | ablative | ||
| circumvallāre | circumvallandī | circumvallandō | circumvallandum | circumvallātum | circumvallātū | ||
References
- circumvallo in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- circumvallo in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- circumvallo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette