circulation

circulation

English

Etymology

From Middle English circulacioun, from Latin circulatio.Morphologically circulate +‎ -ion

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˌsɜː(ɹ).kjʊˈleɪ.ʃən/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Homophone: surculation
• Rhymes: -eɪʃən

Noun

circulation (countable and uncountable, plural circulations)

1. The act of moving in a circle, or in a course which brings the moving body to the place where its motion began.
2. The act of passing from place to place or person to person; free diffusion; transmission.
   • 1962 October, Brian Haresnape, “Focus on B.R. passenger stations”, in Modern Railways, page 252:

     For example, by changing the use of existing rooms, removing or replacing unsightly features, clearing obstacles to easy circulation, rearranging direction signs and generally introducing as much order as possible, most outdated station buildings can be made reasonably efficient and attractive.

3. Currency; circulating coins; notes, bills, etc., current for coin.

   The new bills will come into circulation next Friday.

4. The extent to which anything circulates or is circulated; the measurement of diffusion
   • June 1 2016, Karen Roberts in the Evening Express, Aberdeen Journals - The Broad Street Years

     The reputation and circulation of the paper continued to grow, and the board decided a new custom-built base was required for both the Press and Journal and Evening Express to replace the crumbling, but much loved, Broad Street offices.

5. (strictly) The movement of the blood in the circulatory system, by which it is brought into close relations with the cells and tissues of the body; (loosely) the circulatory system.
6. The movement of the sap in the vessels and tissues of plants.

Derived terms

• collateral circulation
• coronary circulation
• Hadley circulation
• in circulation
• Langmuir circulation
• pulmonary circulation
• systemic circulation
• thermohaline circulation

 

Translations

act of moving in a circle

Azerbaijani: dövran (az) Bulgarian: обикаляне (bg) n (obikaljane), кръжене (krǎžene) Czech: cirkulace (cs) f Esperanto: cirkulado Finnish: kiertoliike (fi), pyöriminen, kiertokulku (fi) Georgian: please add this translation if you can German: Kreislauf (de) m, Zirkulation (de) f, Umlauf (de) m Greek: κυκλοφορία (el) f (kykloforía) Hungarian: keringés (hu) Indonesian: perputaran (id) Macedonian: обиколу́вање n (obikolúvanje), кру́жење n (krúženje) Norwegian: Bokmål: sirkulasjon m Nynorsk: sirkulasjon m Portuguese: circulação (pt) f, circundação f Russian: кругово́е движе́ние n (krugovóje dvižénije), круговоро́т (ru) m (krugovorót), циркуля́ция (ru) f (cirkuljácija) Scottish Gaelic: cuairteachadh m Spanish: circulación (es) f

act of passing from place to place or person to person

Bulgarian: обикаляне (bg) n (obikaljane) Dutch: omloop (nl) m Finnish: kierto (fi), kiertäminen (fi) German: Umlaufen n, Zirkulieren n Greek: κυκλοφορία (el) f (kykloforía) Macedonian: обиколу́вање n (obikolúvanje) Portuguese: circulação (pt) f Russian: оборо́т (ru) m (oborót) Spanish: circulación (es) f

currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.

Azerbaijani: tədavül, dövriyyəsi Bulgarian: обращение (bg) n (obraštenie) Dutch: oplage (nl) Finnish: kierto (fi) Georgian: please add this translation if you can German: Geldumlauf (de) m, Geldkreislauf m, Geldzirkulation f Hungarian: forgalom (hu) Macedonian: о́птек m (óptek), про́мет m (prómet) Norwegian: Bokmål: omløp n Nynorsk: omløp n Portuguese: circulação (pt) f Russian: обраще́ние (ru) n (obraščénije) Spanish: circulación (es) f Turkish: tedavül (tr)

extent to which anything circulates or is circulated

Azerbaijani: dövriyyə (az) Bulgarian: циркулация (bg) f (cirkulacija) Finnish: levikki (fi) Georgian: please add this translation if you can Hungarian: keringés (hu) Macedonian: циркула́ција f (cirkulácija) Persian: تیراژ‎ (fa) (tirâž) Russian: циркуля́ция (ru) f (cirkuljácija), оборо́т (ru) m (oborót) Spanish: circulación (es) f

movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system

Azerbaijani: dövran (az), qan dövranı Bulgarian: кръвообращение n (krǎvoobraštenie) Chinese: Mandarin: 血液循環／血液循环 (zh) (xiěyè xúnhuán) Finnish: verenkierto (fi) French: circulation (fr) f Georgian: please add this translation if you can German: Blutkreislauf (de) m Greek: κυκλοφορία (el) f (kykloforía) Hungarian: keringés (hu), vérkeringés (hu) Indonesian: peredaran (id) Japanese: 血液循環 (けつえきじゅんかん, ketsueki junkan) Macedonian: кр́воток m (kŕvotok), циркула́ција f (cirkulácija) Malay: peredaran Manx: kiarkley m, kiarkley ny folley m Norwegian: Bokmål: blodsirkulasjon m Nynorsk: blodsirkulasjon m Portuguese: circulação (pt) f Russian: кровообраще́ние (ru) n (krovoobraščénije) Scottish Gaelic: cuairteachadh m Spanish: circulación (es) f Turkish: kan dolaşımı (tr)

See also

• circle
• cycle
• cyclus

Anagrams

• unicortical

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French

Etymology

From Latin circulatio.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /siʁ.ky.la.sjɔ̃/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -jɔ̃

Noun

circulation f (plural circulations)

1. circulation (act of moving in a circular shape)
2. (anatomy) circulation (of blood)
3. traffic
4. distribution, circulation (of a newspaper/magazine)

Derived terms

• bande de circulation
• circulation alternée
• voie de circulation

Related terms

• circuler

Descendants

• → Romanian: circulație
• → Turkish: sirkülasyon

Further reading

• “circulation”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.