cifra
See also: cifrá, cifră, and ċifra
Asturian
Noun
cifra f (plural cifres)
- number, figure
Czech
Pronunciation
audio (file)
Noun
cifra f
- digit
Derived terms
- ciferník m
Related terms
- šifra f
Hungarian
Etymology
Borrowed from Medieval Latin cifra (“zero, numeral”), from Arabic صِفْر (ṣifr, “zero, empty, nothing”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈt͡sifrɒ]
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: cif‧ra
- Rhymes: -rɒ
Adjective
cifra (comparative cifrább, superlative legcifrább)
- ornamented, gaudy
- (figurative, colloquial) indecent, vulgar, dirty
Declension
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | cifra | cifrák |
| accusative | cifrát | cifrákat |
| dative | cifrának | cifráknak |
| instrumental | cifrával | cifrákkal |
| causal-final | cifráért | cifrákért |
| translative | cifrává | cifrákká |
| terminative | cifráig | cifrákig |
| essive-formal | cifraként | cifrákként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | cifrában | cifrákban |
| superessive | cifrán | cifrákon |
| adessive | cifránál | cifráknál |
| illative | cifrába | cifrákba |
| sublative | cifrára | cifrákra |
| allative | cifrához | cifrákhoz |
| elative | cifrából | cifrákból |
| delative | cifráról | cifrákról |
| ablative | cifrától | cifráktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular | cifráé | cifráké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural | cifráéi | cifrákéi |
Derived terms
- cifraság
- cifrácska
- cifrálkodik
- cifráz
- cifrázat
Expressions
- cifra galambgomba
- cifra holyva
- cifra kankalin
- cifra kígyógomba
- cifra korallgomba
- cifra kölönte
- cifra lemezestapló
- cifra levélmoly
- cifra pehelyréce
- cifra rája
- cifra réce
References
- cifra in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- cifra in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN
Further reading
- cifra in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- cifra in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2023)
Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃi.fra/
- Rhymes: -ifra
- Hyphenation: cì‧fra
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Medieval Latin cifra (“zero, numeral”), from Arabic صِفْر (ṣifr, “zero, empty, nothing”). Doublet of zero.
Noun
cifra f (plural cifre)
- figure, numeral
- sum
- code, cipher
- (in the plural) initials, monogram
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
cifra
- inflection of cifrare:
- third-person singular present indicative
- second-person singular imperative
Anagrams
- Carfì, cafri, farci, farcì
Latin
Alternative forms
- cifera
- ciphra
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic صِفْر (ṣifr, “zero, empty, nothing”).
Pronunciation
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃi.fra/, [ˈt͡ʃiːfrä]
Noun
cifra f (genitive cifrae); first declension (Medieval Latin)
- numeral, cipher
- zero (symbol)
- ca. 1230, Johannes de Sacrobosco, De Arte Numerandi, in Rara Mathematica (1841), p.3
- Decima figura dicitur theta, vel circulus, vel cifra, vel figura nihili quia nihil significat, sed locum tenens dat aliis significare: nam sine cifra vel cifris purus non potest scribi articulus.
- The tenth symbol is called theta, or circle, or zero, or the null symbol, which indicates none, but, holding a place, gives a different meaning: for without a zero or zeroes, it is not possible to write the pure single word.
- Decima figura dicitur theta, vel circulus, vel cifra, vel figura nihili quia nihil significat, sed locum tenens dat aliis significare: nam sine cifra vel cifris purus non potest scribi articulus.
- ca. 1230, Johannes de Sacrobosco, De Arte Numerandi, in Rara Mathematica (1841), p.3
Declension
First-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | cifra | cifrae |
| Genitive | cifrae | cifrārum |
| Dative | cifrae | cifrīs |
| Accusative | cifram | cifrās |
| Ablative | cifrā | cifrīs |
| Vocative | cifra | cifrae |
Descendants
- English: cipher
- French: chiffre
- Friulian: cifre
- Hungarian: cifra
- Italian: cifra
- Piedmontese: cifra
References
- cifra in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsi.fɾɐ/
- Hyphenation: ci‧fra
Etymology 1
Acordes marcados com cifras (4).
Borrowed from Medieval Latin cifra (“zero, numeral”), from Arabic صِفْر (ṣifr, “zero, empty, nothing”). Doublet of zero.
Noun
cifra f (plural cifras)
- number
- amount, figure
- code, cipher
- (music) number or letter that represents a chord
Derived terms
- cifragem
- cifrão
- cifrar
- decifrar
Verb
cifra
- inflection of cifrar:
- third-person singular present indicative
- second-person singular imperative
Further reading
- “cifra” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2023.
- “cifra” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.
Romanian
Etymology
From French chiffrer.
Verb
a cifra (third-person singular present cifrează, past participle cifrat) 1st conj.
- to quantify
- to cypher
Conjugation
conjugation of cifra (first conjugation, -ez- infix)
| infinitive | a cifra | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | cifrând | ||||||
| past participle | cifrat | ||||||
| number | singular | plural | |||||
| person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
| indicative | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
| present | cifrez | cifrezi | cifrează | cifrăm | cifrați | cifrează | |
| imperfect | cifram | cifrai | cifra | cifram | cifrați | cifrau | |
| simple perfect | cifrai | cifrași | cifră | cifrarăm | cifrarăți | cifrară | |
| pluperfect | cifrasem | cifraseși | cifrase | cifraserăm | cifraserăți | cifraseră | |
| subjunctive | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
| present | să cifrez | să cifrezi | să cifreze | să cifrăm | să cifrați | să cifreze | |
| imperative | — | tu | — | — | voi | — | |
| affirmative | cifrează | cifrați | |||||
| negative | nu cifra | nu cifrați | |||||
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Arabic صِفْر (ṣifr, “empty”) and, subsequently "zero"; cifra is the Latin form which came to Europe via Andalusian Arabic in late 14th century.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡sîfra/
- Hyphenation: cif‧ra
Noun
cȉfra f (Cyrillic spelling ци̏фра)
- digit
- figure
- number, numeral
Declension
Declension of cifra
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | cȉfra | cifre |
| genitive | cifre | cȉfārā / cȉfrī |
| dative | cifri | ciframa |
| accusative | cifru | cifre |
| vocative | cifro | cifre |
| locative | cifri | ciframa |
| instrumental | cifrom | ciframa |
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (Spain) /ˈθifɾa/ [ˈθi.fɾa]
- IPA(key): (Latin America) /ˈsifɾa/ [ˈsi.fɾa]
- Rhymes: -ifɾa
- Syllabification: ci‧fra
Etymology 1
From Arabic صِفْر (ṣifr, “empty”) and, subsequently 'zero'; cifra is the Latin form which came to Europe via Andalusian Arabic in late 14th century. Cognate with English cipher.
Noun
cifra f (plural cifras)
- digit
- number
- amount
- cipher; code
Derived terms
- cifrar
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
cifra
- inflection of cifrar:
- third-person singular present indicative
- second-person singular imperative
Further reading
- “cifra”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014