ciar
Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish cíar (“dark”), from Proto-Celtic *kēros, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃i-, extension of *(s)ḱeh₃- (“grey, dark”). Further cognates are Old Novgorodian хѣрь (xěrĭ, “gray cloth”) and Old English hār (“grey-haired”).
Adjective
ciar (genitive singular masculine céir, genitive singular feminine céire, plural ciara, comparative céire)
- swarthy, dark
Declension
| Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
| Nominative | ciar | chiar | ciara; chiara² | |
| Vocative | chéir | ciara | ||
| Genitive | céire | ciara | ciar | |
| Dative | ciar; chiar¹ | chiar; chéir (archaic) | ciara; chiara² | |
| Comparative | níos céire | |||
| Superlative | is céire | |||
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
Derived terms
- ciardhubh (“jet black, sable”)
Related terms
- dorcha
- dubh
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “ciar”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Latin
Verb
ciar
- first-person singular future passive indicative of ciō
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From Old Irish cíar (“dark”), from Proto-Celtic *kēros, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃i-, extension of *(s)ḱeh₃- (“grey, dark”). Further cognates are Old Novgorodian хѣрь (xěrĭ, “gray cloth”) and Old English hār (“grey-haired”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʰiaɾ/
Adjective
ciar (comparative nas cèire / na bu chèire)
- swarthy, dark, dun, dusky
- gloomy, depressed.
Related terms
- dorcha
- dubh
Spanish
Etymology
Probably from Old Spanish cía (“thighbone”), referring to the use of this bone when rowing, from Latin scias, from Ancient Greek ἰσχιας (iskhias, “sciatic”), from ἰσχίον (iskhíon, “hip”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (Spain) /ˈθjaɾ/ [ˈθjaɾ]
- IPA(key): (Latin America) /ˈsjaɾ/ [ˈsjaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: ciar
Verb
ciar (first-person singular present cío, first-person singular preterite cie, past participle ciado)
- (intransitive) to back water
Conjugation
| infinitive | ciar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | ciando | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | ciado | ciada | |||||
| plural | ciados | ciadas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | cío | cíastú ciasvos | cía | ciamos | ciais | cían | |
| imperfect | ciaba | ciabas | ciaba | ciábamos | ciabais | ciaban | |
| preterite | cie | ciaste | cio | ciamos | ciasteis | ciaron | |
| future | ciaré | ciarás | ciará | ciaremos | ciaréis | ciarán | |
| conditional | ciaría | ciarías | ciaría | ciaríamos | ciaríais | ciarían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | cíe | cíestú ciesvos2 | cíe | ciemos | cieis | cíen | |
| imperfect (ra) | ciara | ciaras | ciara | ciáramos | ciarais | ciaran | |
| imperfect (se) | ciase | ciases | ciase | ciásemos | ciaseis | ciasen | |
| future1 | ciare | ciares | ciare | ciáremos | ciareis | ciaren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | cíatú ciavos | cíe | ciemos | ciad | cíen | ||
| negative | no cíes | no cíe | no ciemos | no cieis | no cíen | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
References
- Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN
Further reading
- “ciar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014