ci
English
Etymology
Borrowed from Mandarin 詞/词 (cí).
Noun
ci (uncountable)
- One of the Classical Chinese poetry forms
Anagrams
- -ic, IC, I²C
Aka (Central Africa)
Noun
ci
- water
Further reading
- Marvin Lionel Bender, Topics in Nilo-Saharan linguistics (1989) (cí, cì)
- (ɕi)
Balinese
Pronoun
ci
- you (basa madia)
Alternative forms
- cai (basa madia)
Synonyms
- ragane (basa kasar)
- i ratu / iratu (basa alus)
Bambara
Noun
cí
- thatch, especially of the species Diheteropogon grandiflorus
Noun
cí
- commission, errand
- message, order
- mission, task, assignment
- ò cí bɛ́ í kàn
- it is your duty
- work, labor (especially agricultural)
- cí kɛ́
- to work in the fields
- usefulness, utility
- cí tɛ́ nìn ná
- that's useless
Verb
cí
- to send, charge with a mission
- sɛ́bɛn cí mɔ̀gɔ mà
- to send a letter to someone
Verb
cì
- to hit
- fíyɛn bɛ́ cì
- the wind is blowing
- fàli cì
- to hit an donkey
- to break
- à y'á kùn cì
- He knocked him unconscious
- to destroy
- to split, divide, cut
- dɔ́gɔ cì
- to split wood
- to burst, explode with a loud noise
- màrifa cì
- to fire off a round (with a gun)
- to trace, tattoo
- bála cì
- to plot an area of a field to be hoed
- tùgu cì
- to vaccinate in the arm
Noun
cì
- line, stroke
- tattoo
Corsican
Etymology
Ultimately from either Latin hīc (“here”) or hinc (“from here”). Akin to Italian ci; see there for more.
Adverb
ci
- there
Pronoun
ci
- us (both direct and indirect object)
See also
Nominative | Dative | Accusative | Disjunctive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | 1st person | eiu | mi | mè | |
2nd person | tù | ti | tè | ||
3rd person m | ellu | li | u, l' | ellu | |
3rd person f | ella | a, l' | ella | ||
Plural | 1st person | noi | ci | noi | |
2nd person | voi | vi | voi | ||
3rd person m | elli | li | i, l' | elli | |
3rd person f | elle | e, l' | elle |
References
- https://infcor.adecec.net/
Dalmatian
Etymology
From Latin quem. Compare Portuguese quem, Romanian cine, Spanish quien, Romansch che, Sardinian chíne.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡ʃi/
Pronoun
ci
- who
Dhimal
Noun
ci (transliteration needed)
- water
Further reading
- John T. King, A Grammar of Dhimal
Esperanto
Etymology
From Italian or French tu, Russian ты (ty), etc., plus the i of personal pronouns.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡si/
Audio (file)
Pronoun
ci (accusative cin, possessive cia)
- thou, you (second-person informal singular pronoun)
- 1899, Felikso Zamenhof,
- Ekamis la konato / Kaj reciproke ŝi; / Post paso de monato / Ŝanĝiĝis »Vi« per »ci«.
- Her acquaintance fell in love / and reciprocally she; / after the passage of a month / "You" changed into "thee".
- Ekamis la konato / Kaj reciproke ŝi; / Post paso de monato / Ŝanĝiĝis »Vi« per »ci«.
- 1907, Vallienne, Henri, Kastelo de Prelongo, ch. 6:
- Cia sintenado estos vere fiera, li moke murmuretis en ŝian orelon, kiam ci estos vekinta la tutan loĝantaron.
- Thine attitude shall be truly proud, he mockingly whispered into her ear, when thou shalt have awakened the whole population.
- 1899, Felikso Zamenhof,
Usage notes
This word has never been in common usage; Zamenhof advised against using 'ci' as early as the Dua Libro de l' Lingvo Internacia, published in 1888. Some authors have used 'ci' to portray archaic language, for translations, and for stylistic effects. This usage is criticized by other writers.
- Ludwig L. Zamenhof, Dua Libro de l' Lingvo Internacia; Ludwig L. Zamenhof, Lingvaj Respondoj; Bertilo Wennergren, Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko (PMEG); Bernard Golden, La Gazeto #11, June 15, 1987; Zlatko Tisjlar, Frekvencmorfemaro de Parolata Esperanto.
French
Etymology
From Late Latin ecce hīc.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /si/
audio (file) - Homophones: si, scie, scies, scient
Adverb
ci
- here
- this
- cet homme-ci ― this man
- Ces choses-ci ― these things
- Je préfère ce gâteau-ci à celui-là. ― I prefer this cake to that one.
Derived terms
- ceci
- ci-contre
- ci-dessous
- ci-dessus
- ci-devant
- ci-avant
- ci-après
- comme ci comme ça
- ici
- par-ci, par-là
See also
- là
References
- “ci”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Hausa
Etymology
From Proto-Chadic, ultimately from Proto-Afroasiatic *taʔ- (“to eat, especially something soft, to close lips, especially loosely”). Compare Akkadian 𒋫𒀪𒌑 (ta-ʔu-u2 /ta'u/, “to eat”), Mehri tewō (“eat”), Arabic تَأْتَأَ (taʾtaʾa, “to stammer, to stutter, to reduplicate sounds, to mumble or move lips”), and with varying Berber forms Tamahaq ⵜⵜ (tǝtt), Tarifit ⵜⵜ (tǝtt), Central Atlas Tamazight ⵜⵛ (tš), and Kabyle teṭṭ (pharyngeal-coloring found as well in the Arabic variant تَعْتَعَ (taʿtaʿa), and in that sense possible further connections to طَعِمَ (ṭaʿima, “to taste”) and عَضَّ (ʿaḍḍa, “to bite”)).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡ʃí/
- (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [t͡ʃɪ́]
Verb
ci (grade Ø)
- to eat, to eat soft things
Ido
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tsi/
Determiner
ci
- Alternative form of ici (“these”)
Pronoun
ci
- Alternative form of ici (“these”)
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈt͡ʃi]
- Hyphenation: ci
Etymology 1
From Amoy 錢/钱 (chîⁿ, “mace”).
Noun
ci (first-person possessive ciku, second-person possessive cimu, third-person possessive cinya)
- (obsolete) weight unit: 1/10 tahil (for opium).
Etymology 2
From Sundanese ᮎᮤ (ci), ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ.
Noun
ci (first-person possessive ciku, second-person possessive cimu, third-person possessive cinya)
- river (large stream which drains a landmass)
Synonyms
- alir
- alur
- batang
- bengawan
- kali
- sungai
- wai
Noun
ci (first-person possessive ciku, second-person possessive cimu, third-person possessive cinya)
- alternative form of encik.
- alternative form of taci (“elder sister”).
Further reading
- “ci” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Interlingua
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tsi/
Adverb
ci
- here (at this place)
Italian
Etymology 1
From Latin cē (the name of the letter C).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃi/*, (most common outside of Tuscany) */ˈt͡ʃi/*
- Rhymes: -i
- Hyphenation: cì
Noun
ci f (invariable)
- The name of the Latin-script letter C.; cee
See also
- (Latin-script letter names) lettera; a, bi, ci, di, e, effe, gi, acca, i, gei / i lunga, cappa, elle, emme, enne, o, pi, cu, erre, esse, ti, u, vu / vi, doppia vu, ics, ipsilon / i greca, zeta
Further reading
- ci2 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Etymology 2
Uncertain. Rohlfs[1] and Von Wartburg[2] favoured/favored Late Latin ecce hīc. Maiden[3] casts doubt on this etymology, pointing out that Italian ci is an unstressed 'weak' form, while Latin hic otherwise survives in Italian only in stressed forms (reinforced by Latin ecce or eccum) such as ciò, qua, and qui. (It should also be noted that all of the latter trigger syntactic doubling, thanks to their original final /k/, while ci does not.)[4] Maiden proposes instead an origin in Latin hince, variant of hinc (“hence, from here”), pointing out that in parts of southern Italy there exists a 1PL pronoun 'nci (cf. also 'nce). Treccani,[5] on the other hand, proposes an origin in Latin hīce, a variant of hīc (“here”). In any case, the Italian term is certainly cognate with Neapolitan ce, Sicilian ci and Sassarese zi, all three of which share similar adverbial senses, with the latter two also having pronominal senses.
Alternative forms
- -ci (enclitic)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡ʃi/, (Sicily, Calabria) */t͡ʃi/
- Hyphenation: ci
Pronoun
ci
- us
- Loro ci conoscono ― They know us
- (reflexive) ourselves; each other
- Ci arrabbiamo ― We (ourselves) get angry
- Ci amiamo ― We love each other
- to us
- Lui ci ha detto questo ― He said this to us
- replaces the indefinite personal pronoun si (“one”) before reflexive si (“oneself”); one
- Ci si lava. ― One washes oneself.
- Ci si annoia quando non c'è niente da fare.
- One gets bored when there is nothing to do.
- it, to it
- Non ci credo. ― I do not believe it.
Usage notes
- Becomes ce when followed by a third person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).
See also
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Conjunctive | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) | ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 | glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) | ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
Adverb
ci
- to there, here, there
- Synonym: vi(formal)
- Ci sono andato ― I have been there
- Ci siamo ― We're here
- Ci sono molte cose ― There are many things
- C'è un problema ― There is a problem
- forms part of many verbs:
- volerci ― to require/take
- abituarci ― to get used to it
- riuscirci ― to be able to do it
- entrarci ― to do with something
- contarci ― to count on it
- pensarci ― to think about it
- starci ― to agree / to be up for something
- farcela ― to manage to do something
- crederci ― to believe it
See also
- ivi
- là
- qua
- qui
References
- Rohlfs, Gerhard. 1969. Grammatica storica della lingua italiana e dei suoi dialetti, vol. 3: Sintassi e formazione delle parole. Torino: Einaudi. §899.
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “hīc”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 4: G H I, page 425
- Maiden, Martin. 1995. A linguistic history of Italian. London: Longman. §9.1.1.
- ci in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
- ci1 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Alternative forms
- tchi, twi, kyi
Noun
ci m (uncountable)
- the Twi language family
Further reading
- ci1 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
- ci2 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
- ci3 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Kangjia
Etymology
From Proto-Mongolic *ci, compare Mongolian чи (či), Dongxiang chi.
Pronoun
ci
- you
Kanuri
Noun
ci
- mouth
Latin
Verb
cī
- second-person singular present active imperative of ciō
Malay
![](Images/wiktionary/Cairo%252C_Nile%252C_a_view_from_Tahrir_Bridge_towards_North%252C_Egypt%252C_Oct_2004.jpg.webp)
Etymology
From Sundanese ᮎᮤ (ci).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡ʃi/
- Rhymes: -t͡ʃi, -i
Noun
ci (Jawi spelling چي, plural ci-ci, informal 1st possessive ciku, 2nd possessive cimu, 3rd possessive cinya)
- river (large stream which drains a landmass)
Synonyms
- alir
- alur
- batang
- bengawan
- kali
- sungai
- wai
Further reading
- “ci” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Mandarin
Romanization
ci
- Nonstandard spelling of cī.
- Nonstandard spelling of cí.
- Nonstandard spelling of cǐ.
- Nonstandard spelling of cì.
Usage notes
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Noone
Verb
ci
- strike
Synonyms
- kfune
- nyɛw
- suŋ
References
- R. Blench, Beboid Comparative
Old French
Etymology
From Late Latin ecce hīc.
Adverb
ci
- here (in this place)
- circa 1250, Marie de France, Guigemar
- Va t'en de ci ! Lai me aveir pes.
- Go, leave this place! Let me have peace.
- Va t'en de ci ! Lai me aveir pes.
- circa 1250, Marie de France, Guigemar
Descendants
- French: ici, ci
Old Irish
Pronoun
ci
- Alternative form of cía
Conjunction
ci
- Alternative form of cía
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡ɕi/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -i
- Syllabification: ci
Alternative forms
- (stressed) tobie
Pronoun
ci
- short dative singular of ty.
Pronoun
ci m
- virile nominative plural of ten
Romanian
Etymology
From ce.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡ʃi/
Conjunction
ci
- (adversative) but; so that; on the contrary, opposite
- Nici eu, ci el. ― Not I, but he.
See also
- dimpotrivă
- dar
Sicilian
Alternative forms
- cci
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈtʃi]
- (unstressed) IPA(key): [tʃɪ]
Etymology 1
Akin to Italian ci; see there for more.
Adverb
ci
- here, there
Pronoun
ci
- dative of iddu (“he”); to him
- dative of idda (“she”); to her
- dative of iddi (“they”); to them
Usage notes
- Unlike in Italian, the Sicilian pronoun ci is not used for the first-person plural ('us'). The Sicilian equivalent is ni.
Inflection
3rd person | m | f | pl |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | iddu | idda | iddi |
prepositional | iddu | idda | iddi |
accusative | lu | la | li |
dative | ci | ci | ci |
reflexive | si | si | si |
Tarantino
Pronoun
ci (relative)
- who
Tedim Chin
Etymology
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *tsii, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tsji.
Noun
ci
- salt
References
- Zomi Ordbog based on the work of D.L. Haokip
Venetian
Etymology
From Latin quis (compare Italian chi).
Pronoun
ci (interrogative)
- who?
Usage notes
- Redoubled for reinforcement.
- Ci èlo ci?
- Who on earth is he?
- Ci èlo ci?
Walloon
Etymology
From Old French cist, from Latin ecce istum (< iste).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /si/
Determiner
ci (after an open syllabe : ç', feminine : cisse, masculine form before vowel : cist, feminine form before vowel : ciste, plural : ces)
- this
- Ci rotch
- This rock
- C' est ç' rotch-ci
- It's this rock
- Cist ome
- This man
- Cisse gayole
- This box
- Ciste afwaire
- This affair
- Ces måjhons
- These houses
Pronoun
ci (before a vowel : c', alternative form : çou)
- it, this
- Ci m' fwait må
- It hurts me
- C' est on ome
- It a man
Welsh
![](Images/wiktionary/Pembroke_Welsh_Corgi_600.jpg.webp)
Etymology
From Proto-Brythonic *ki, from Proto-Celtic *kū, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kiː/
- Rhymes: -iː
Noun
ci m (plural cŵn)
- dog
Derived terms
- cynaidd, cynol (“canine”)
- ciaidd (“savage, fierce”)
- corgi
- dwrgi (“otter”)
Mutation
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
ci | gi | nghi | chi |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
White Hmong
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ci˧/
Verb
ci
- to cook, to roast, to toast
- to glow, to shine
Zhuang
Pronunciation
- (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /ɕi˨˦/
- Tone numbers: ci1
- Hyphenation: ci
Etymology 1
From Chinese 車 (MC t͡ɕʰia).
Noun
ci (1957–1982 spelling ci)
- vehicle
Classifier
ci (1957–1982 spelling ci)
- carload of; cartload of; truckload of
Verb
ci (1957–1982 spelling ci)
- to sew with a sewing machine
- to machine on a lathe
Etymology 2
From Chinese 吹 (MC t͡ɕʰiuᴇ).
Verb
ci (Sawndip form 𫩝, 1957–1982 spelling ci)
- (intransitive, of wind) to blow
- Synonyms: (dialectal) baed, (dialectal) daet, (dialectal) boq, (dialectal) coi
- (transitive) to blow
- Synonym: (dialectal) baed
- (transitive) to play (a wind instrument)
- (transitive) to pump (a bellows)
- Synonyms: (dialectal) daz, (dialectal) boz
Etymology 3
From Chinese 催 (MC t͡sʰuʌi).
Verb
ci (1957–1982 spelling ci)
- to urge
- Synonyms: (dialectal) cui, (dialectal) dok
Etymology 4
From Chinese 支 (MC t͡ɕiᴇ).
Classifier
ci (1957–1982 spelling ci)
- Used for stick-like objects.